{"slug": "fernando-alvarez-de-toledo-3rd-duke-of-alba", "label": "Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo%2C_3rd_Duke_of_Alba", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80847", "qid": "Q80847", "description": "Spanish military tactician and diplomat (1507-1582)", "entries": 11, "years": 8, "span": [1556, 1582], "span_label": ["1556 CE", "1582 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "papal-states", "label": "Papal States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-france", "label": "Henry II of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eighty-years-war", "label": "Eighty Years' War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-netherlands", "label": "Spanish Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-spain", "label": "Philip II of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "huguenots", "label": "Huguenots", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – After Pope Paul IV attempts to get King Henry II of France to join him in an invasion of Spanish-controlled Naples, Spain's Duke of Alba invades the Papal States in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#July–September", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12– The Spanish occupation of the Papal States is confirmed as Pope Paul IV signs a separate peace treaty, the Peace of Cave-Palestrina, with Spain's Duke of Alba, who has massed troops outside of Rome in preparationfor an attack.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#July–September", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1567, "year_label": "1567 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – The Duke of Alba is sent to the Netherlands with a strong Spanish force, to suppress unrest there. He replaces Margaret of Parma as Governor of the Netherlands. Prince William of Orange is outlawed, and Lamoral, Count of Egmont imprisoned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362147494#July–September", "title": "1567", "revid": 1362147494, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1567, "year_label": "1567 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – At a dinner, the Duke of Alba arrests Lamoral, Count of Egmont and Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn for treason.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362147494#July–September", "title": "1567", "revid": 1362147494, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, governor of the Spanish Netherlands issues an edict condemning to death those who rebel against Spanish authority to combat religious unrest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#January–March", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – Battle of Jemmingen: The main Spanish army of the Duke of Alba utterly defeats Louis of Nassau's invading army in the Northeastern Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#July–September", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – The Siege of Haarlem is begun by the Duke of Alva, Spanish Army commander in the Netherlands, and lasts until July 13, 1573.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#October–December", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – The Siege of Mons, which started on June 23, ends with the recapture of Valenciennes by the Spanish Army from the Dutch Huguenots in what is now Belgium. Louis of Nassau, the Dutch rebel commander, surrenders to the Duke of Alba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#July–September", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Siege of Haarlem: Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva capture Haarlem, after a seven-month siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#July–September", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Battle of Alcântara: Spanish armies, led by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, defending the claim of King Philip II of Spain to the Portuguese throne, defeat the armies of Portuguese claimant António, Prior of Crato.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369376205#July–September", "title": "1580", "revid": 1369376205, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, Spanish general (b. 1507)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325265#Deaths", "title": "1582", "revid": 1373325265, "section": "Deaths"}}]}