{"slug": "ferrara", "label": "Ferrara", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrara", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13362", "qid": "Q13362", "description": "comune in Emilia-Romagna, Italy", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [754, 1570], "span_label": ["754 CE", "1570 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "northern-italy", "label": "Northern Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "friuli", "label": "Friuli", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-alexander-iii", "label": "Pope Alexander III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frederick-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "piacenza", "label": "Piacenza", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "parma", "label": "Parma", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-eugene-iv", "label": "Pope Eugene IV", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The oldest document mentioning the city of Ferrara (Northern Italy) is from this year (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Europe", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 966, "year_label": "966 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May – Pietro IV Candiano, doge of Venice, remarries to Waldrada of Tuscany, a daughter of Hubert, Duke of Spoleto, and a relative of Otto the Great. Waldrada brings him a large dowry, including the possessions of Ferrara, Friuli and Treviso (northern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513206#Europe", "title": "966", "revid": 1341513206, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 976, "year_label": "976 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Pietro IV Candiano, doge of Venice, demands Venetian assistance to put down a revolt in his personal fiefs around Ferrara. The Venetians also revolt against Candiano and assault the doge's palace. Repelled by mercenary forces, they burn the neighborhood – bringing the palace down with it. Candiano and his family escape, but are killed by the mob.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468275#Europe", "title": "976", "revid": 1364468275, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Countess Mathilda of Tuscany leads a successful expedition in northern Italy and takes Ferrara.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Europe", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) in Northern Italy. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (Honor Imperii).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Pope Urban III dies after a 2½-year pontificate at Ferrara. He is succeeded by Gregory VIII as the 173rd pope of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Religion", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1264, "year_label": "1264 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Azzo VII d'Este, marquis of Ferrara (b. 1205)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334426011#Deaths", "title": "1264", "revid": 1334426011, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1385, "year_label": "1385 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Castello Estense in Ferrara (now in Italy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362439687#Date_unknown", "title": "1385", "revid": 1362439687, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1405, "year_label": "1405 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – The War of Padua in Italy comes to an end as Padua and Ferrara surrender to the armies of the Venetian Republic, commanded by General Malatesta IV. The Republic of Venice then annexes the territory of the defeated lordships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337543539#October–December", "title": "1405", "revid": 1337543539, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1438, "year_label": "1438 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Upset at the attempted reforms at the Council of Basel in Switzerland, Pope Eugene IV convenes a rival council at Ferrara in Italy, through Niccolò Albergati, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Bologna, with 40 prelates in attendance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365935905#January–March", "title": "1438", "revid": 1365935905, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1472, "year_label": "1472 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Johannes de Sacrobosco's De sphaera mundi (written c. 1230) is first published in Ferrara, the first printed astronomical book.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251690#Undated", "title": "1472", "revid": 1365251690, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – La Cassaria by Ludovico Ariosto, the first Italian language comedy, is premiered at Ferrara.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#January–March", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – A major earthquake strikes the Italian city of Ferrara at 3:00 in the morning local time, destroying 40 percent of the buildings in the city, but causing only 171 deaths. After the initial shocks, a sequence of aftershocks continue for four years, with over 2,000 in the period from November 1570 to February 1571.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#October–December", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}