{"slug": "francis-drake", "label": "Francis Drake", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36517", "qid": "Q36517", "description": "English sailor and privateer (c. 1540 – 1596)", "entries": 17, "years": 12, "span": [1573, 1596], "span_label": ["1573 CE", "1596 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 11}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "plymouth", "label": "Plymouth", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "elizabeth-i", "label": "Elizabeth I", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "puerto-rico", "label": "Puerto Rico", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "americas", "label": "Americas", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "california", "label": "California", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "newfoundland-island", "label": "Newfoundland (island)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ecuador", "label": "Ecuador", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anglo-spanish-war-15851604", "label": "Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – On his expedition to the New World, Francis Drake and his crew make their most lucrative capture by seizing a wagon train of silver at Panama, near the settlement of Nombre de Dios.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#April–June", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Francis Drake leaves Plymouth, England, aboard the Pelican, with four other ships and 164 men, on an expedition against the Spanish, along the Pacific coast of the Americas, which will become his circumnavigation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#October–December", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20–September 6 – After renaming this flagship, Pelican to the Golden Hind, Francis Drake and his fleet begin their passage through the Strait of Magellan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#July–September", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – After having come into conflict on May 17 with his fellow officer, Thomas Doughty, during their circumnavigation of the world, Francis Drake puts Doughty on trial while the flagship Pelican is docked at what is now Argentina. A jury of sailors convicts Doughty of treason and attempted mutiny. Doughty is beheaded on July 2.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#April–June", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Francis Drake, during his circumnavigation of the world, lands in modern-day California, which he claims for Queen Elizabeth I. With an English claim here and in Newfoundland, it becomes the basis for English colonial charters which will claim all land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from \"sea to sea.\" Drake's claim is called Nova Albion (New England), and subsequent maps will show all lands north of New Spain and New Mexico under this name.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#April–June", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Off of the coast of what is now Ecuador, the English galleon Golden Hind, captained by Francis Drake, captures the Spanish freighter Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (unofficially called \"Cagafuego\") and its cargo, including 26 tons of silver and 1,000 pounds of gold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#January–March", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – Francis Drake returns to Plymouth, England from his voyage of circumnavigation (westbound) on the Golden Hind, the second completed in a continuous voyage, and the first under its original commander.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369376205#July–September", "title": "1580", "revid": 1369376205, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – Following his circumnavigation of the world, Francis Drake is knighted by Elizabeth I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#April–June", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – Anglo-Spanish War: The island of Santiago in Cape Verde is captured by Francis Drake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#October–December", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – Singeing the King of Spain's Beard: On his expedition against Spain, English sailor Sir Francis Drake leads a raid in the Bay of Cádiz, sinking or capturing at least 30 ships of the Spanish fleet, delaying by a year the sailing of the Spanish Armada for England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#April–June", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – English sailor Sir Francis Drake accepts a privateering commission from Queen Elizabeth to disrupt shipping routes in order to slow supplies from Italy and Andalucia to Lisbon, to trouble enemy fleets in their home ports, to capture Spanish treasure ships and to attack the Spanish Armada if it were to sail for England. On 12 April, his fleet sails from Plymouth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#January–March", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1588, "year_label": "1588 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – The first engagement between the English and Spanish fleets (off Plymouth) results in a victory for the English, under command of Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362479687#July–September", "title": "1588", "revid": 1362479687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – An English Armada, led by Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Norreys, and largely financed by private investors, sets sail to attack the Iberian Peninsula's Atlantic coast, but fails to achieve any naval advantage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#April–June", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins depart from England, on their final voyage to the Spanish Main, which ends in both of their deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#July–September", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – The Battle of San Juan is fought off of the island of Puerto Rico as an English fleet of 27 ships and 2,500 men, led by Francis Drake, attempts to invade the Spanish colony. In a three-day battle, the English lose at least eight ships and 400 men, including Admiral John Hawkins. Drake's fleet withdraws and attempts to conquer Panama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#October–December", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – The Battle of Guadalupe Island is fought between nine English Navy warships (led by Sir Francis Drake) and eight Spanish frigates off in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Spanish force wins the battle, capturing one ship and killing 45 English sailors. Both sets of ships proceed toward Puerto Rico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#October–December", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1596, "year_label": "1596 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Drake's Assault on Panama: Sir Francis Drake, General Thomas Baskerville and an English force of 15 ships land at the Atlantic Ocean port of Nombre de Dios in an attempt to capture the Isthmus of Panama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369722581#January–March", "title": "1596", "revid": 1369722581, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}