{"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43482", "qid": "Q43482", "description": "historical Germanic ethnic group", "entries": 157, "years": 145, "span": [240, 851], "span_label": ["240 CE", "851 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 79}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 24}, {"title": "Births", "count": 16}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 14}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 12}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 5}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}], "related": [{"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 18}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "chlothar-i", "label": "Chlothar I", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "burgundians", "label": "Burgundians", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "childebert-i", "label": "Childebert I", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "austrasia", "label": "Austrasia", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "saxons", "label": "Saxons", "shared": 7}], "items": [{"year": 240, "year_label": "240 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman Empire is threatened on several fronts at the same time. Africa revolts and tribes in northwest Germania, under the name of the Franks, are raiding the Rhine frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371189859#Roman_Empire", "title": "240", "revid": 1371189859, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 250, "year_label": "250 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A group of Franks penetrate as far as Tarragona in Spain (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187135#Roman_Empire", "title": "250", "revid": 1371187135, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 251, "year_label": "251 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The prosperity of Roman Britain declines during this period, as the Germanic tribes of the Franks and Saxons, whose homelands are in Friesland and the Low Countries, make raids around the southeast coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188077#Roman_Empire", "title": "251", "revid": 1371188077, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 256, "year_label": "256 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks cross the Rhine; the Alemanni reach Mediolanum (Milan) (disputed date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188385#Roman_Empire", "title": "256", "revid": 1371188385, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 259, "year_label": "259 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks, who invaded the Roman Empire near Cologne in 257, reach Tarraco in Hispania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331138913#Roman_Empire", "title": "259", "revid": 1331138913, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 260, "year_label": "260 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Franks take control over the Scheldt estuary (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187251#Roman_Empire", "title": "260", "revid": 1371187251, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 278, "year_label": "278 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Probus defeats the Alamanni, advancing through the Neckar Valley. He expels the Franks from Gaul, and reorganizes the Roman defenses on the Rhine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075888#Roman_Empire", "title": "278", "revid": 1267075888, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 280, "year_label": "280 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman territory is under constant threat of raids from Franks. The cities in Gaul are reinforced with defensive walls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367495474#Roman_Empire", "title": "280", "revid": 1367495474, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 285, "year_label": "285 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Carausius, naval commander at Bononia (modern-day Boulogne), is given the task of clearing the English Channel of Frankish and Saxon pirates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367051271#Roman_Empire", "title": "285", "revid": 1367051271, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 286, "year_label": "286 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer: Carausius, commander of the Classis Britannica, is accused of piracy by Maximian and is sentenced to death. He responds by declaring himself emperor of Britain and Northwestern Gaul. His forces consist of the newly built Roman fleet and three legions in Britain. The Carausian Revolt is supported by Gaulish merchant ships and Frankish mercenaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554179#Roman_Empire", "title": "286", "revid": 1326554179, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 288, "year_label": "288 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Around this time, an army loyal to Maximian, probably led by the future emperor Constantius, defeats the usurper Carausius or his Frankish allies in northern Gaul. In this or the following year, Carausius withdraws his military forces and administrative presence from Gaul, confining himself to Roman Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326174976#Roman_Empire", "title": "288", "revid": 1326174976, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 293, "year_label": "293 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In this or the following year, Constantius defeats the Franks in Batavia (Netherlands).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367495846#Roman_Empire", "title": "293", "revid": 1367495846, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 296, "year_label": "296 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Having supervised the Rhine frontier during Constantius' invasion of Britain, Maximian then marches into Spain, where he fights Frankish pirates. He then crosses into North Africa to contend with the rebellion of the Quinquegentiani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076673#Roman_Empire", "title": "296", "revid": 1267076673, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 300, "year_label": "300 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Caesar Constantius I wins a victory over the Franks (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361492719#Roman_Empire", "title": "300", "revid": 1361492719, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 306, "year_label": "306 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter: Constantine fights with success against the Franks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171617#Roman_Empire", "title": "306", "revid": 1330171617, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 310, "year_label": "310 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Maximian, retired emperor, rebels against Constantine I in Arles while the latter is campaigning against the Franks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349300512#Roman_Empire", "title": "310", "revid": 1349300512, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 320, "year_label": "320 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Crispus, eldest son of Constantine I, leads a victorious campaign against the Franks, assuring twenty years of peace along the Rhine frontier. He establishes his residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), capital of Germania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330750501#Roman_Empire", "title": "320", "revid": 1330750501, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 341, "year_label": "341 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Constans I begins a successful campaign against the Franks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317828287#Roman_Empire", "title": "341", "revid": 1317828287, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 352, "year_label": "352 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Alamanni and the Franks cross the Rhine and defeat the depleted Roman units left at the frontier. The Germans take control of around 40 towns and cities between the Moselle and the Rhine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279672452#Roman_Empire", "title": "352", "revid": 1279672452, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 354, "year_label": "354 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "As a result of the armies of the West having been largely withdrawn by the usurper Magnus Magnentius, to fight Constantius II, hordes of barbarians (Franks and Alemanni) cross the upper Rhine into Gaul and invade the lands of the Helvetians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267529595#Europe", "title": "354", "revid": 1267529595, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 355, "year_label": "355 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks besiege Colonia Agrippinensium for ten months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331300399#Europe", "title": "355", "revid": 1331300399, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 367, "year_label": "367 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Valentinian I mobilises a massive army for his campaign against the Alamanni and the Franks. He summons the Italian and Illyrian legions for a spring offensive.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326556842#Roman_Empire", "title": "367", "revid": 1326556842, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 388, "year_label": "388 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Frankish invasion of 388: Rebellious Franks led by Marcomer, Sunno and Genobaud invade the Roman Empire with plunder and threaten Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne). A part of the invaders are destroyed by the Romans in the charcoal forest (present-day Belgium). The Roman general Quintines pursues the invaders on Frankish soil and is ambushed. His army is surrounded and defeated by the Franks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321355496#Roman_Empire", "title": "388", "revid": 1321355496, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 392, "year_label": "392 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Emperor Valentinian II, age 21, dies while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbogast. He is found hanging in his residence at Vienne under unknown circumstances.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331511439#Roman_Empire", "title": "392", "revid": 1331511439, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 394, "year_label": "394 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – Battle of the Frigidus: Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the usurper Eugenius. The forces of Theodosius are bolstered by numerous auxiliaries, including 20,000 Visigoth federates under Alaric. The Frankish general Arbogast (magister militum) escapes into the Alps and commits suicide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369162073#Roman_Empire", "title": "394", "revid": 1369162073, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 395, "year_label": "395 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto (without the knowledge or consent of Rufinus, Praetorian prefect of the East). His seven-year-old half-sister, Galla Placidia, is sent to Rome, where she spends her childhood in the household of Stilicho and his wife Serena.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334185587#Roman_Empire", "title": "395", "revid": 1334185587, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 396, "year_label": "396 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Stilicho, Roman general (magister militum), controls the young emperor Honorius as his regent, and becomes the de facto ruler of the Western Roman Empire. He enlists the Alemanni and the Franks, to defend the Rhine frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276670607#Roman_Empire", "title": "396", "revid": 1276670607, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 406, "year_label": "406 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Vandal-Frankish war: The Vandals, led by Godigisel, are intercepted and defeated by the Franks under Marcomir. Godigisel is killed in battle and succeeded by his son Gunderic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305888876#Roman_Empire", "title": "406", "revid": 1305888876, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 420, "year_label": "420 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks cross the Rhine and invade Northern Gaul. In Italia an army is prepared to campaign with Castinus as chief.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371542443#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 420", "revid": 1371542443, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 421, "year_label": "421 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Franks conquer new territories in their kingdom and sack the old Roman capital Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903948#Europe", "title": "421", "revid": 1364903948, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 422, "year_label": "422 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman army invades Gaul; they capture and execute the Frankish king Theudemeres with his family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741789#Europe", "title": "422", "revid": 1364741789, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 422, "year_label": "422 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Theudemeres, king of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741789#Deaths", "title": "422", "revid": 1364741789, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Flavius Aetius gains appointment as master of both services (magister militum praesentalis), after gaining victories in Gaul over Visigoth and Frankish forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Roman_Empire", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 453, "year_label": "453 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Vedast, Frankish bishop (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348812409#Births", "title": "453", "revid": 1348812409, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 454, "year_label": "454 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Emperor Valentinian III stabs his commander-in-chief Flavius Aetius to death, during a meeting of the imperial council at Ravenna. He has accused Aetius of plotting against him to seize power. After his assassination, the Western Roman Empire has no effective defender against its hostile barbarian neighbors (Alans, Franks, Ostrogoths, Vandals and Visigoths).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747737#Roman_Empire", "title": "454", "revid": 1364747737, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 456, "year_label": "456 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – The Visigoths under King Theodoric II, acting on orders of Avitus, invade Spain with an army of Burgundians, Franks and Goths, led by their kings Chilperic I and Gondioc. They defeat the Suebi under King Rechiar on the Urbicus River, near Astorga (Gallaecia); this shatters the power of the Suebi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752999#Roman_Empire", "title": "456", "revid": 1364752999, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 459, "year_label": "459 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks conquer the city of Trier. The Frankish Kingdom becomes a military power and gets involved in Roman politics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077454#Europe", "title": "459", "revid": 1267077454, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 463, "year_label": "463 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Gothic war against Aegidius, Childeric I, king of the Salian Franks, allies with the Roman general Aegidius. This war is ended by the battle near Orléans, where the Visigoths under King Theodoric II are defeated by the Franks, while crossing the Loire River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367480401#Europe", "title": "463", "revid": 1367480401, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 486, "year_label": "486 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Franco-Roman War of 486 – Battle of Soissons (Gaul): Frankish forces under King Clovis I defeat the Roman army of Syagrius. Roman rule under Syagrius ends. The land between the Somme and the Loire becomes a part of the Frankish Empire. Syagrius flees to the Visigoths (under King Alaric II), but Clovis threatens war, and he is handed over for execution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340789363#Europe", "title": "486", "revid": 1340789363, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 493, "year_label": "493 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Theodoric the Great allies with the Franks and marries Audofleda, sister of Clovis I. He also marries his own female relatives to princes or kings of the Burgundians, Vandals and Visigoths, establishing a political alliance with the Germanic kingdoms in the West.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340790263#Europe", "title": "493", "revid": 1340790263, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 495, "year_label": "495 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "King Chlodomer of the Franks (d. 524)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907640#Births", "title": "495", "revid": 1364907640, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 496, "year_label": "496 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Childebert I, king of the Franks (d. 558)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364740340#Births", "title": "496", "revid": 1364740340, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 499, "year_label": "499 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ingund, queen of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367503464#Births", "title": "499", "revid": 1367503464, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 500, "year_label": "500 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Burgundian Civil War: Battle of Dijon: A coalition of Franks and Burgundians crush the forces under Gundobad. King Clovis I pursues him to Avignon, where he surrenders and promises to pay a yearly tribute.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361340160#Europe", "title": "AD 500", "revid": 1361340160, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 500, "year_label": "500 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Aregund, queen of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361340160#Births", "title": "AD 500", "revid": 1361340160, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 507, "year_label": "507 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Vouillé: A Frankish army under command of Clovis I invades the Visigothic Kingdom, and defeats King Alaric II near Poitiers. The Visigoths refuse to be enslaved, and retreat to Septimania (Southern Gaul). Clovis annexes Aquitania, and captures Toulouse.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907722#Europe", "title": "507", "revid": 1364907722, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 508, "year_label": "508 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Theodoric the Great sends an Ostrogoth army, led by his sword-bearer Theudis, drives the Franks out of Provence, and recovers Septimania (Languedoc) from the Visigoths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907761#Europe", "title": "508", "revid": 1364907761, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 509, "year_label": "509 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Clovis I (Chlodowech) becomes the first Catholic king of the Franks, uniting all the Frankish tribes under his rule. He controls an immense territory in Gaul (modern France), and delivers a major blow for the Church against the Arian heresy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340790384#Europe", "title": "509", "revid": 1340790384, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 510, "year_label": "510 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Theodoric the Great raises the Frankish siege at Arles; the city is heroically defended by its inhabitants, assisted by the Ostrogothic general Theudis. The Ostrogoths overrun Provence (Southern Gaul), and consolidate their gains in the region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739939#Europe", "title": "510", "revid": 1364739939, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 511, "year_label": "511 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Clovis I, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364740421#Deaths", "title": "511", "revid": 1364740421, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 512, "year_label": "512 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Ostrogoths conquer the Frankish province Rouergue (Southern Gaul).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369170659#Europe", "title": "512", "revid": 1369170659, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 516, "year_label": "516 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hygelac, king of the Geats (Sweden), raids the Lower Rhine, and is defeated by a Frankish force led by Theudebert (according to the \"History of the Franks\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357958482#Europe", "title": "516", "revid": 1357958482, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 517, "year_label": "517 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Charibert I, king of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340791909#Births", "title": "517", "revid": 1340791909, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 520, "year_label": "520 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Radegund, Frankish princess (approx.)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364908909#Births", "title": "520", "revid": 1364908909, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 523, "year_label": "523 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Sigismund of Burgundy is defeated by the invading Franks under Chlodomer, Childebert I and Chlothar I. He is captured and taken as prisoner to Aurelianum (modern Orléans).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792003#Europe", "title": "523", "revid": 1340792003, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 524, "year_label": "524 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Battle of Vézeronce: The Franks under Chlodomer, Childebert I and Chlothar I are defeated by the Burgundians and allied Ostrogoths near Isère (France), averting the Frankish advance into Burgundy. During the fighting Chlodomer is killed. Later Childebert annexes the cities of Chartres and Orléans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792013#Europe", "title": "524", "revid": 1340792013, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 524, "year_label": "524 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Chlodomer, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792013#Deaths", "title": "524", "revid": 1340792013, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 525, "year_label": "525 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Frankish tribesmen, under the command of King Chlothar I, plunder Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792024#Europe", "title": "525", "revid": 1340792024, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 531, "year_label": "531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks under King Chlothar I march against the Thuringi with Chlothar's nephew Theudebert I. The Kingdom of Thuringia comes under Frankish domination.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351343342#Europe", "title": "531", "revid": 1351343342, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 532, "year_label": "532 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Autun - The Franks, under command of King Childebert I and his brother Chlothar I, invade the Kingdom of Burgundy. They defeat the Burgundians under King Godomar near Autun (modern France).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793755#Europe", "title": "532", "revid": 1340793755, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 534, "year_label": "534 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Frankish kings Childebert I and Chlothar I overthrow Godomar, king of the Burgundians, and end the Kingdom of Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353013996#Europe", "title": "534", "revid": 1353013996, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 536, "year_label": "536 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Ostrogothic King Theodahad cedes Provence and upper Alamannia to the Franks, gaining their support in the war. He sends a large Gothic army into Dalmatia. They defeat the Byzantines, Mundus is killed during the fighting at Salona, and the Byzantine army withdraws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362906459#Europe", "title": "536", "revid": 1362906459, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 538, "year_label": "538 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Theudebert I sends a small Frankish force across the Alps, and defeats the Goths and Byzantines at the River Po. Belisarius retreats to Tuscany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351200776#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "538", "revid": 1351200776, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 539, "year_label": "539 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Belisarius, still besieging Ravenna, negotiates a treaty with Theodebert I (whose forces are suffering from dysentery), and the Franks retreat to Gaul. The Byzantine fleet controls the Adriatic Sea and blockades the port of the capital from supplies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754969#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "539", "revid": 1364754969, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 542, "year_label": "542 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Childebert I and his brother Chlothar I invade Visigothic Spain. They capture Pamplona, but Zaragoza withstands a siege and the Franks retreat to Gaul. From this expedition Childebert brings back to Paris a relic, the tunic of Saint Vincent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799594#Europe", "title": "542", "revid": 1340799594, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 551, "year_label": "551 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Narses arrives in Venetia and discovers that a powerful Gothic-Frank army (50,000 men), under joint command of the kings Totila and Theudebald, has blocked the principal route to the Po Valley. Not wishing to engage such a formidable force and confident that the Franks would avoid a direct confrontation, Narses skirts the lagoons along the Adriatic shore, by using vessels to leapfrog his army from point to point along the coast. In this way he arrives at the capital Ravenna without encountering any opposition. He attacks and crushes a small Gothic force at Ariminum (modern Rimini).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362066549#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "551", "revid": 1362066549, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 553, "year_label": "553 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Ostrogothic Kingdom ends after 60 years of rule in Italy. The Goths are allowed to return to their homes in peace and (re)settle in modern-day Austria. Some 7,000 people retreat to Campsas (Southern Gaul), and resist with minimal help from the Franks against the Byzantines until 554.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072897#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "553", "revid": 1267072897, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 555, "year_label": "555 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Chlothar I annexes the Frankish territories of Metz and Reims, after the death of his great-nephew Theudebald.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356951195#Europe", "title": "555", "revid": 1356951195, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 557, "year_label": "557 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Chlothar I of the Franks founds the Abbey of St. Medard at Soissons (Northern France).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800259#Religion", "title": "557", "revid": 1340800259, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 558, "year_label": "558 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – King Chlothar I reunites the Frankish Kingdom after his brother Childebert I dies, becoming sole ruler of the Franks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749209#Europe", "title": "558", "revid": 1364749209, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 558, "year_label": "558 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Childebert I, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749209#Deaths", "title": "558", "revid": 1364749209, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 561, "year_label": "561 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Chlothar I, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800797#Deaths", "title": "561", "revid": 1340800797, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 567, "year_label": "567 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Charibert I, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800789#Deaths", "title": "567", "revid": 1340800789, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 569, "year_label": "569 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Justin II and his wife Sophia send a relic of the \"True Cross\" to the Frankish princess Radegund, who has founded a monastery at Poitiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349645704#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "569", "revid": 1349645704, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 573, "year_label": "573 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards again raid Southern Gaul, but are defeated by the Franks under Mummolus, patricius and son of the Gallo-Roman count of Auxerre, and are driven out.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332331069#Europe", "title": "573", "revid": 1332331069, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 575, "year_label": "575 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks under Sigibert I pursue his half brother Chilperic I, and conquer the cities Poitiers and Tournai. While he is proclaimed new king of Neustria by the nobles, Sigibert is assassinated at Vitry-en-Artois (Northern Gaul) by hirelings of Fredegund.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658531#Europe", "title": "575", "revid": 1367658531, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 580, "year_label": "580 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Gregory of Tours is brought before a council of bishops, on charges of slandering the Frankish queen Fredegund (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747518#Religion", "title": "580", "revid": 1364747518, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 584, "year_label": "584 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards re-establish a unified monarchy after a 10-year interregnum (Rule of the Dukes). Threatened by a Frankish invasion that the dukes have provoked, they elect Authari (son of Cleph) as their king and give him the capital of Pavia (Northern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754048#Europe", "title": "584", "revid": 1364754048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 584, "year_label": "584 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Chlothar II, king of the Franks (d. 629)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754048#Births", "title": "584", "revid": 1364754048, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 585, "year_label": "585 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Childebert II, age 15, takes up his sole rule of Austrasia. A Frankish army under King Guntram marches to Comminges (Pyrenees), and besieges the citadel of Saint-Bertrand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938601#Europe", "title": "585", "revid": 1365938601, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 587, "year_label": "587 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Guntram sends envoys to Brittany, to stop the raiding on Frankish territory. He compels obedience from Waroch II and demands 1,000 solidus for looting Nantes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364756380#Europe", "title": "587", "revid": 1364756380, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 587, "year_label": "587 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Radegund, Frankish princess", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364756380#Deaths", "title": "587", "revid": 1364756380, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 588, "year_label": "588 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks and Burgundians under King Guntram and his nephew Childebert II invade Northern Italy, but suffer a disastrous defeat against the Lombards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753170#Europe", "title": "588", "revid": 1364753170, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 589, "year_label": "589 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Claudius, duke (dux) of Lusitania, defeats the Franks and Burgundians at Carcassonne (Languedoc) on the Aude River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654394#Europe", "title": "589", "revid": 1366654394, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 590, "year_label": "590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks and Burgundians under King Guntram invade Italy. They capture the cities Milan and Verona, but are forced to leave by a plague outbreak in the Po Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753220#Europe", "title": "590", "revid": 1364753220, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Gregory, bishop of Tours, completes his Historia Francorum (\"History of the Franks\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Literature", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Events › By topic › Literature"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – Pope Gregory I the Great sends a group of Benedictine monks under Augustine of Canterbury on a mission to Britain, to Christianize King Æthelberht, and convert the Kingdom of Kent from native Anglo-Saxon paganism. He carries letters of commendation to bishops, and is accompanied by Frankish interpreters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Religion", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 596, "year_label": "596 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Gregorian Mission: Augustine of Canterbury lands with a group of missionaries on the Isle of Thanet (South East England). He is welcomed by King Æthelberht of Kent, who accepts baptism along with the rest of his court at the behest of his Christian Frankish wife, Bertha. Æthelbert assigns Augustine and his 40 monks a residence at Canterbury (Kent), where they found a Benedictine monastery that will make the town a centre of Christianity (or 597).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739187#Religion", "title": "596", "revid": 1364739187, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 597, "year_label": "597 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Balkan Campaign: The Avars, strengthened by the tribute of the Franks, resume their campaign along the Danube River, and besiege the Byzantine fortress city of Tomis (modern Romania) on the Black Sea coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755884#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "597", "revid": 1364755884, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Dorestad, lying in a fork between two branches of the Rhine, is established by the Franks as a trade center.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Europe", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 601, "year_label": "601 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Franks, Merovingians and Carolingians successively control most of Europe, while strong feudal lords rise in power to gain the allegiance of the people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903478#Europe", "title": "601", "revid": 1364903478, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 603, "year_label": "603 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Dagobert I, king of the Franks (d. 639)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752956#Births", "title": "603", "revid": 1364752956, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 604, "year_label": "604 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Battle of Ėtampes: Theuderic II, with the aid of Berthoald, defeats the Frankish forces under King Chlothar II of Neustria, at Étampes (near Paris).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754628#Europe", "title": "604", "revid": 1364754628, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 606, "year_label": "606 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Queen Brunhilda pressures her grandson Theuderic II to go to war against his brother, Theudebert II of Austrasia. She puts Protadius, Mayor of the Palace, in charge of the Burgundian army. At the palace of Quierzy (Picardy), Theuderic assembles his army. The soldiers under Uncelen, Duke of Alemannia, refuse to fight against their countrymen, and declare that the king orders Protadius' death. He is killed by the Frankish warriors, and Theuderic is forced to sign a peace treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802689#Europe", "title": "606", "revid": 1340802689, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 613, "year_label": "613 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Chlothar II reunites the Frankish Kingdom by ordering the murder of Sigebert II. He accuses Brunhilda, age 70, of killing ten kings of the Franks (according to the Liber Historiae Francorum). She is dragged to death behind a wild horse at Abbeville.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755983#Europe", "title": "613", "revid": 1364755983, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 614, "year_label": "614 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – King Chlothar II promulgates the Edict of Paris (Edictum Chlotacharii), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the Frankish nobles and the church, and regulates the appointment of counts (secular officials in charge of law courts, collecting taxes, and assembling contingents for the army), while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752346#Europe", "title": "614", "revid": 1364752346, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Samo, reputedly a Frankish merchant, is elected king of the Slavs in Moravia, Slovakia and Lower Austria. A string of victories over the Avars proves his utilitas (usefulness) to his subjects, and he secures the throne to establish his own kingdom, which stretches from the upper Elbe to the Danube.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Europe", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Balthild, queen of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Births", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 629, "year_label": "629 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Chlothar II, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803532#Deaths", "title": "629", "revid": 1340803532, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 636, "year_label": "636 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Heraclius assembles a large army consisting of contingents of Byzantines, Slavs, Franks, Georgians, Armenians, and Christian Arabs. He establishes a base at Yaqusah (near Gadara), close to the edge of the Golan Heights, protecting the vital main road from Egypt to Damascus. The base is protected by deep valleys and precipitous cliffs, well supplied with water and grazing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068315#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "636", "revid": 1267068315, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 639, "year_label": "639 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – Dagobert I, king of the Franks (b. c. 603)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754023#Deaths", "title": "639", "revid": 1364754023, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 639, "year_label": "639 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – Dagobert I dies after a 10-year reign as king of all the Franks, in which his realm has prospered. He is succeeded by Sigebert III (age 9), independent ruler of Austrasia, and his half-brother Clovis II (age 2), who becomes king of Neustria and Burgundy. Under the supervision of Pepin of Landen, Mayor of the Palace, the royal treasury is distributed between the two brothers and widowed queen Nanthild (regent on Clovis' behalf).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754023#Europe", "title": "639", "revid": 1364754023, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Pepin the Elder, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, dies and is succeeded by his son Grimoald. He becomes the head of the Frankish household, and the most powerful man in the Frankish Kingdom (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Europe", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 642, "year_label": "642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Radulf, a Frankish aristocrat, revolts against King Sigebert III of Austrasia and defeats his army, taking the title of rex or king of Thuringia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367634849#Europe", "title": "642", "revid": 1367634849, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Childeric II, king of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Births", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 654, "year_label": "654 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Theuderic III, king of the Franks (d. 691)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362652029#Births", "title": "654", "revid": 1362652029, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 660, "year_label": "660 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Felix, patrician of Toulouse, assumes the titles of Duke of Vasconia and Aquitaine. He is formally a vassal of the Franks, but rules \"de facto\" independently.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359584981#Europe", "title": "660", "revid": 1359584981, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 661, "year_label": "661 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – In Gaul all Roman bishops are replaced with Frankish bishops. They become increasingly common, as Frankish leaders control the episcopate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804600#Religion", "title": "661", "revid": 1340804600, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 662, "year_label": "662 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks take advantage of the Lombard civil war and invade Northern Italy, but are defeated by Grimoald I. King Chlothar III gives Austrasia to his youngest brother Childeric II. He is raised on the shield of his warriors and proclaimed king of Austrasia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805159#Europe", "title": "662", "revid": 1340805159, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 663, "year_label": "663 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constans II launches an assault against the Duchy of Benevento (Southern Italy). Taking advantage of the fact that Lombard king Grimoald I is engaged against Frankish forces from Neustria, Constans disembarks at Taranto, and besieges Lucera and Benevento.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635360#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "663", "revid": 1367635360, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 668, "year_label": "668 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Ebroin, mayor of the palace, becomes de facto ruler of Neustria and (in theory) \"of the Franks\". According to Bede, he runs the nation's foreign policy and internal security.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805218#Europe", "title": "668", "revid": 1340805218, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 670, "year_label": "670 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Childebert III, king of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367634463#Births", "title": "670", "revid": 1367634463, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 672, "year_label": "672 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Chilperic II, king of the Franks (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805434#Births", "title": "672", "revid": 1340805434, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 675, "year_label": "675 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Childeric II, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805588#Deaths", "title": "675", "revid": 1340805588, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 677, "year_label": "677 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Warinus, Frankish nobleman, is stoned to death near Arras, because of a feud between his brother, Leodegar (bishop of Autun), and Ebroin, the Mayor of the Palace of Neustria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805601#Europe", "title": "677", "revid": 1340805601, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 680, "year_label": "680 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Balthild, queen of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331672551#Deaths", "title": "680", "revid": 1331672551, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 689, "year_label": "689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Dorestad: The Frisians under King Radbod are defeated by the Frankish mayor of the palace, Pippin of Herstal. The Rhine delta and Dorestad (modern Netherlands) become Frankish again, as well as the castles of Utrecht and Fechten (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350231931#Europe", "title": "689", "revid": 1350231931, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 691, "year_label": "691 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Theuderic III, king of the Franks (b. 654)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806265#Deaths", "title": "691", "revid": 1340806265, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Childebert III, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Deaths", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Civil War within the Pepinid clan: A revolt erupts between the Neustrian Franks and Frisians. King Radbod forces bishop Willibrord and his Benedictine monks to flee, and advances as far as Cologne (Germany). Frisia (modern-day Netherlands) once again becomes independent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#Europe", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 721, "year_label": "721 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Chilperic II, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808636#Deaths", "title": "721", "revid": 1340808636, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 721, "year_label": "721 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – King Chilperic II dies at Attigny (Ardennes), after a five-year reign. He is succeeded by Theuderic IV, infant son of Dagobert III, as Merovingian ruler of the Franks, under the control of the mayor of the palace, Charles Martel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808636#Europe", "title": "721", "revid": 1340808636, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 731, "year_label": "731 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Charles Martel leads two raids across the Loire River into the Berry region. The Franks seize and plunder Bourges (central France), but the city is immediately recaptured by Eudes of Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358697487#Europe", "title": "731", "revid": 1358697487, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 734, "year_label": "734 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bilihildis, Frankish noblewoman and abbess", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809669#Deaths", "title": "734", "revid": 1340809669, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 736, "year_label": "736 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Nîmes: The Franks under Charles Martel fail to capture Narbonne but devastate most of the other settlements, including Nîmes, Agde, Béziers and Maguelonne, which Martel views as potential strongholds of the Umayyads.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809679#Europe", "title": "736", "revid": 1340809679, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 737, "year_label": "737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Avignon: Frankish forces under Charles Martel, Merovingian Mayor of the Palace, retake Avignon from the Muslim forces, and destroy the Umayyad stronghold. Charles sends his brother Childebrand I, duke of Burgundy, to besiege the city. After his arrival, Charles leads the Frankish troops by using rope ladders and battering rams to attack the fortified walls, which are burned to the ground following its capture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809689#Europe", "title": "AD 737", "revid": 1340809689, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 737, "year_label": "737 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Theuderic IV, king of the Franks", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809689#Deaths", "title": "AD 737", "revid": 1340809689, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 739, "year_label": "739 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards under King Liutprand sack the Exarchate of Ravenna, and threaten Rome. Pope Gregory III asks Charles Martel, Merovingian mayor of the palace, to help fight the Lombards (he also requests assistance in fighting the Byzantines and the Arabs). Liutprand signs a peace accord, and pulls back his forces to Pavia. After the pope's appeal to the Franks, a relationship begins that will continue as the Frankish Kingdom gains power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809724#Europe", "title": "739", "revid": 1340809724, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 743, "year_label": "743 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Concilium Germanicum: First major Church synod held in the eastern parts of the Frankish Kingdom. Organized by Carloman, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, and presided over by Saint Boniface, who is solidified in his position as leader of the Frankish church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906425#Religion", "title": "743", "revid": 1364906425, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 744, "year_label": "744 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Synod of Soissons. Called at the instigation of Pepin the Short and Boniface, archbishop and metropolitan, it secures the condemnation of the Frankish bishop Adalbert.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305046877#Religion", "title": "744", "revid": 1305046877, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 747, "year_label": "747 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Charlemagne, king and emperor of the Franks (or 748)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468436#Births", "title": "AD 747", "revid": 1364468436, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 751, "year_label": "751 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – Carloman I, king of the Franks (d. 771)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809785#Births", "title": "751", "revid": 1340809785, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Franks under Pepin III invade Italy, and defeat the Lombards under King Aistulf, in the Susa Valley (Piedmont). He enforces the terms, including cession of the Exarchate of Ravenna to Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Europe", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 759, "year_label": "759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Narbonne: The Franks under King Pepin III (\"the Short\") retake Narbonne from the Muslims, after a 7-year siege. He pushes them back across the Pyrenees, and the Muslims retreat to the Andalusian heartland after 40 years of occupation. The government of the city is assigned to the Visigothic count Miló.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847712#Europe", "title": "759", "revid": 1340847712, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 771, "year_label": "771 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Charlemagne repudiates his Lombard wife Desiderata, daughter of Desiderius, after one year of marriage. He marries the 13-year-old Swabian girl Hildegard, who will bear him nine children. Desiderius, furious at Charlemagne, plans a punitive campaign against the Franks and Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847758#Europe", "title": "771", "revid": 1340847758, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 771, "year_label": "771 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – Carloman I, king of the Franks (b. 751)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847758#Deaths", "title": "771", "revid": 1340847758, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 772, "year_label": "772 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne leads a Frankish expedition from the Middle Rhine into disputed territory lost by the Franks in 695. He starts a campaign against the Saxons and seizes Eresburg, destroying the Irminsul (Saxon sacred tree) near Paderborn. Charlemagne devastates several major Saxon strongholds, and forces them to retreat beyond the Weser River. After negotiating with some Saxon nobles and obtaining hostages, he installs a number of garrisons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359487792#Europe", "title": "772", "revid": 1359487792, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 773, "year_label": "773 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard, son of Charles Martel, cross the Alps with a Frankish expeditionary force at the request of Pope Adrian I. At the foot of the mountains in the Susa Valley (Northern Italy), the Franks are hindered by Lombard fortifications. After scouting, Charlemagne attacks the defenders from the flank, and forces the Lombards to flee to the fortified capital Pavia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369635460#Europe", "title": "773", "revid": 1369635460, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 774, "year_label": "774 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – King Desiderius surrenders the independence of the Lombards to the Franks, and is exiled to Corbie Abbey (Picardy). Charlemagne annexes northern Italy as a sub-kingdom, and takes the title of Rex Langobardorum. Some Lombards flee south to Benevento, which remains independent; Duke Arechis II retitles himself \"Prince of Benevento\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848019#Europe", "title": "774", "revid": 1340848019, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 782, "year_label": "782 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Süntel: The Franks under Charlemagne are defeated by Saxon rebels, led by Widukind. He succeeds in wiping out more than half of the occupying Frankish forces and again raises the banner of revolt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081621#Europe", "title": "782", "revid": 1267081621, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 785, "year_label": "785 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne summons a major assembly of Saxon and Frankish lords at Paderborn, then leads his army across Saxony as far as the Lower Elbe, without significant resistance. Duke Widukind retreats with his 'rebel' forces beyond the Elbe, but then negotiates and exchanges hostages. Charlemagne returns to his palace at Attigny (Ardennes), followed by Widukind; here the Saxon leaders are baptized as Christians on Christmas Day. Widukind and the Saxon nobility swear fealty to Charlemagne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351342449#Europe", "title": "785", "revid": 1351342449, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 785, "year_label": "785 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Frankish Kingdom conquers Girona and Urgell (modern Spain) from the Moors. The Franks divide Catalonia into 14 countships. Charlemagne suppresses a rebellion by count Hardrad of Thuringia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351342449#Europe", "title": "785", "revid": 1351342449, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 788, "year_label": "788 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Avars, who are allied with Tassilo III, invade East Francia (modern Germany). This begins the Frankish-Avar conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753395#Europe", "title": "788", "revid": 1364753395, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 788, "year_label": "788 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine troops led by Adalgis, son of former Lombard king Desiderius, invade southern Italy. His attempts are thwarted by the Franks, who attack territories in Benevento, obtaining notably the annexion of Chieti (Spoleto).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753395#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "788", "revid": 1364753395, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 789, "year_label": "789 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Charlemagne crosses the Elbe River with a Frankish-Saxon army into Obotrite territory. He subdues the Wiltzes, and reaches the Baltic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848283#Europe", "title": "789", "revid": 1340848283, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emir Hisham I of Córdoba calls for a jihad (\"Holy War\") against the Christian Franks. He assembles an army of 70,000 men, half of which attacks the Kingdom of Asturias, destroying its capital, Oviedo, while the other half invades Languedoc, penetrating as far as Narbonne. After capturing the city, the contingent moves towards Carcassonne and conquers it too. Both armies return to Córdoba enriched with the spoils of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Arabian_Empire", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 794, "year_label": "794 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Charlemagne abandons his channel project (see 793), and attacks the Saxon rebels from the north, supported by a second Frankish army under his son Charles the Younger, which crosses the Rhine at Cologne from the west; threatened from two directions, the Saxons surrender near Paderborn (Westphalia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848638#Europe", "title": "794", "revid": 1340848638, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 795, "year_label": "795 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon War: The Slav Obodrites, under their ruler Witzan, attack the northern Saxons in Liuni. He is killed in an ambush and succeeded by his son Drożko (Thrasco), who becomes a Carolingian dux. King Charlemagne leads a Frankish expeditionary force north from Mainz, and marches to the Elbe, where eastern Saxon rebels again surrender.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848647#Europe", "title": "795", "revid": 1340848647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 797, "year_label": "797 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Charlemagne issues the Capitulare Saxonicum, making Westphalian, Angrian and Eastphalian Saxons equal to other peoples in the Frankish Kingdom. The Nordalbian Saxons revolt; a Frankish fleet is sent to the North Sea coast of Germany. It lands in Hadeln, a marshy coastal region between the Weser and Elbe estuaries, near modern-day Cuxhaven. Charlemagne invades northern Saxony, and again accepts the submission of the Saxons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358611998#Europe", "title": "797", "revid": 1358611998, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 799, "year_label": "799 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Siege of Trsat: Višeslav, prince or duke of Dalmatian Croatia, decisively defeats an invading Frankish army under Eric of Friuli, during the siege at the fortress city of Trsat (Rijeka).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848772#Europe", "title": "799", "revid": 1340848772, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 805, "year_label": "805 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Canburg: The Franks under Charles the Younger, son of emperor Charlemagne, unsuccessfully besiege Bohemians near the modern-day town of Kadaň.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361734873#Europe", "title": "805", "revid": 1361734873, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 812, "year_label": "812 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Michael I re-opens peace negotiations with the Franks, and recognizes Charlemagne as emperor (basileus) of the Frankish Empire. In exchange for this recognition, Venice is returned to the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345909676#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "812", "revid": 1345909676, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 813, "year_label": "813 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 — Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine (and only surviving legitimate son), is crowned co-emperor of the Franks, with his father Charlemagne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340940841#Europe", "title": "813", "revid": 1340940841, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 816, "year_label": "816 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The Basques, supported by the Moors, cross the Garonne River and revolt against the Franks in Gascony (north of the Pyrenees).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941190#Europe", "title": "816", "revid": 1340941190, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 819, "year_label": "819 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen. She becomes his second wife and Empress of the Franks. Like many of the royal marriages of the time, Judith is selected through a bridal show.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941210#Europe", "title": "819", "revid": 1340941210, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 843, "year_label": "843 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Battle of Blain: Breton forces under Erispoe, count of Vannes, defeat the Franks led by Renaud d'Herbauges, near the town of Messac, at the River Vilaine. This battle marks a Breton war between Charles the Bald and Nominoe, duke of Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941897#Europe", "title": "843", "revid": 1340941897, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 851, "year_label": "851 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Battle of Jengland: Duke Erispoe takes command of the Breton forces after his father Nominoe, king of Brittany, dies. He continues an offensive against the Franks in alliance with Lambert II of Nantes. In Ille-et-Vilaine near Grand-Fougeray (Brittany), Erispoe defeats a Frankish-Saxon army (4,000 men) led by King Charles the Bald.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073715#Europe", "title": "851", "revid": 1267073715, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}