{"slug": "frederick-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 18, "years": 17, "span": [1122, 1228], "span_label": ["1122 CE", "1228 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "henry-the-lion", "label": "Henry the Lion", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "duchy-of-saxony", "label": "Duchy of Saxony", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-vi-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-swabia", "label": "Duchy of Swabia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "conrad-iii-of-germany", "label": "Conrad III of Germany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aachen", "label": "Aachen", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "king-of-the-romans", "label": "King of the Romans", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "naples", "label": "Naples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "apulia", "label": "Apulia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1122, "year_label": "1122 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1190)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373038979#Births", "title": "1122", "revid": 1373038979, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May – July – A German expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) under King Conrad III leaves Regensburg and passes into Hungary. The German nobility is headed by Conrad's nephew and heir, Frederick I, duke of Swabia. On July 20, Conrad crosses into the Byzantine Empire, and reaches Sofia – where Michael Palaiologos (a nephew of Emperor Manuel I) gives Conrad an official welcome and provides the Crusaders with food.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1152, "year_label": "1152 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – King Conrad III dies after a 14-year reign at Bamberg. He is succeeded by his 29-year-old nephew Frederick I (Barbarossa), duke of Swabia, who is crowned as King of the Germans at Aachen several days later, on March 9. Frederick becomes sole ruler of Germany and receives the royal insignia, despite the fact that Conrad has a 6-year-old son, Frederick IV, who becomes duke of Swabia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584069#Europe", "title": "1152", "revid": 1365584069, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1156, "year_label": "1156 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) marries Beatrice I, daughter of Reginald III, adding the County of Burgundy to the Holy Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168074#Europe", "title": "1156", "revid": 1362168074, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) in Northern Italy. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (Honor Imperii).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1168, "year_label": "1168 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – Antipope Paschal III dies at Rome after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope Callixtus III with support from Emperor Frederick I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165077#Religion", "title": "1168", "revid": 1362165077, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1174, "year_label": "1174 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa), on his fifth Italian campaign, begins the siege of Alessandria in northern Italy. He is opposed by the Lombard League (now joined by Venice, Sicily and Constantinople).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362171775#Europe", "title": "1174", "revid": 1362171775, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1176, "year_label": "1176 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – Battle of Legnano: The Imperial army (some 5,500 men) led by Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) is defeated by forces of the Lombard League, leading to the pactum Anagnium (the Agreement of Anagni).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532887#Europe", "title": "1176", "revid": 1366532887, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1178, "year_label": "1178 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) is crowned King of Burgundy at Arles. He will repeat the ceremony in 1186. Returning to Germany, he begins proceedings against Henry III (the Lion), duke of Saxony, who has been charged by Saxon noblemen with breaking the king's peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170417#Europe", "title": "1178", "revid": 1362170417, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1179, "year_label": "1179 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, is put under the ban of the empire when he refuses to appear before Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) to answer charges of misgovernment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363299926#Europe", "title": "1179", "revid": 1363299926, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1181, "year_label": "1181 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, submits to Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) at an Imperial Diet in Erfurt. He is banished to England and retains only Brunswick among his former lands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360570363#Europe", "title": "1181", "revid": 1360570363, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – Gregory VIII issues the bull Audita tremendi, proposing the Third Crusade and negotiates with Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Religion", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1188, "year_label": "1188 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) holds a Diet at Mainz and takes the Cross, followed by his 21-year-old son, Frederick IV, and other German nobles. He sends a delegation to present an ultimatum to Saladin in Syria on May 26. With demands to withdraw his Muslim forces from Palestina and to return the True Cross to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325547787#Europe", "title": "1188", "revid": 1325547787, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A German expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) led by Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) marches towards Constantinople, on the way to the Holy Land. Emperor Isaac II (Angelos), suspicious that Frederick is planning to conquer Constantinople, attempts to stop him by attacking the Crusaders. The German forces are too strong and they capture Adrianople. A peace treaty is signed by both Isaac and Frederick, that ensures the Germans are given supplies, and free passage through to Palestina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Henry VI, son of the late Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa), is crowned as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, together with his wife Constance by Pope Celestine III, on Easter Monday at Rome. Henry marches south and begins a campaign in Apulia. He besieges Naples, but encounters the resistance of Sicilian forces under Margaritus of Brindisi, who come to support the city's defense. Tusculum is destroyed by the rebel army of the Commune of Rome, on April 17.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Europe", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Frederick VI, son of Frederick I (Barbarossa) (b. 1167)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Deaths", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Philip of Swabia, son of the late Emperor Frederick I, is elected \"King of Germany\" by his supporters at Mühlhausen in Thuringia. Archbishop Adolf of Cologne elects Otto of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, as Philip's rival. Otto IV is crowned as King of the Romans in Aachen by supporters of the House of Welf. Philip's coronation does not take place until September 8, at Mainz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#Europe", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – The 16-year-old Isabella II, Holy Roman Empress and wife of Frederick II, dies after giving birth to her second child, Conrad IV, at Andria. He receives the title King of Jerusalem (as Conrad II) – with Frederick as regent. By his father, Conrad is the grandson of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Henry VI and great-grandson of the late Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Europe", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}