{"slug": "french-revolution", "label": "French Revolution", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6534", "qid": "Q6534", "description": "revolution in France from 1789 to 1799", "entries": 51, "years": 19, "span": [1441, 1989], "span_label": ["1441 CE", "1989 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 17}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 16}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 11}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "louis-xvi", "label": "Louis XVI", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "napoleon", "label": "Napoleon", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "french-first-republic", "label": "French First Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-vii-of-france", "label": "Charles VII of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-xi", "label": "Louis XI", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "january", "label": "January", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "reims", "label": "Reims", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bordeaux", "label": "Bordeaux", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-eugene-iv", "label": "Pope Eugene IV", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1441, "year_label": "1441 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – The University of Bordeaux is established by Pope Eugene IV while Bordeaux is under the control of France. Closed in 1793 during the French Revolution, it will reopen in 1896 and continue to be in existence 280 years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361382363#April–June", "title": "1441", "revid": 1361382363, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1452, "year_label": "1452 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – The University of Valence is founded in France by the Dauphin Louis, son of King Charles VII. The university lasts for 330 years until being closed during the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355060030#July–September", "title": "1452", "revid": 1355060030, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1614, "year_label": "1614 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – The French Estates General begins its last session. The session, with 464 deputies representing the nobility, the lower and middle classes, and the clergy, closes on February 23, 1615. For the next 175 years, the Kingdom of France will be governed as an absolute monarchy until the calling of a new Estates General in 1789 at the start of the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372816433#October–December", "title": "1614", "revid": 1372816433, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1670, "year_label": "1670 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – The Parliament of France enacts a uniform criminal code for the nation with the passage of the Criminal Ordinance of 1670, which takes effect on January 1. The code remains in force until October 9, 1789, when it is abrogated during the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368809725#July–September", "title": "1670", "revid": 1368809725, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Coronation of Louis XVI takes place in Reims. The last coronation of the Ancien Regime before the French Revolution", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1788, "year_label": "1788 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – France: Day of the Tiles, which some consider the beginning of the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357260814#April–June", "title": "1788", "revid": 1357260814, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January", "text": "January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet What Is the Third Estate? (Qu'est-ce que le tiers-état?), influential on the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#January–March", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – French Revolution: Storming of the Bastille – Citizens of Paris storm the fortress of the Bastille, and free the only seven prisoners held. In rural areas, peasants attack the manors of the nobility.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#July–September", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – In France, the Estates-General convenes for the first time in 175 years, taken as the start of the French Revolution (1789–1799).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#April–June", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – Louis XVI gives his public assent to Civil Constitution of the Clergy during the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#October–December", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – French Revolution: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed. This completes the destruction of the monastic orders, legislating out of existence all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#July–September", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation, in the Fête de la Fédération.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#July–September", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – French Revolution: The Champ de Mars massacre occurs in Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#July–September", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – French Revolution: Flight to Varennes – The French Royal Family is captured when they try to flee in disguise.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#April–June", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March", "text": "March – French Revolution: In France, the National Constituent Assembly accepts the recommendation of its Commission of Weights and Measures that the nation should adopt the metric system.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#January–March", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – French Revolution: The Legislative Assembly (France) convenes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#October–December", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – French Revolution: The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen is published in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#October–December", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – French Revolution: King Louis XVI accepts the final version of the completed constitution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#July–September", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – French Revolution: The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#July–September", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – French Revolution: The law on Jewish emancipation is promulgated in France, the first such legislation in modern Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#July–September", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – French Revolution: Insurrection of 10 August 1792 – The Tuileries Palace is stormed and Louis XVI is arrested and taken into custody.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#July–September", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2–7 – French Revolution: September Massacres – Rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops and more than 200 priests, together with at least 1,000 other criminals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#July–September", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – French Revolution: A Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy by the French Convention goes into effect, and the French First Republic is established, effective the following day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#July–September", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – French Revolution: The Era of the historical French Republican Calendar begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#July–September", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – French Revolution – Feast of Unity", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – French Revolution: The following universal conscription decree is enacted in France: \"The young men shall go to battle and the married men shall forge arms. The women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; children shall tear rags into lint. The old men will be guided to the public places of the cities to kindle the courage of the young warriors and to preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – French Revolution: War in the Vendée: Battle of Savenay – A Republican force decisively defeats the counterrevolutionary Catholic and Royal Army, ending the Virée de Galerne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – French Revolution: Madame du Barry is guillotined.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – French Revolution: After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Citizen Capet, formerly King Louis XVI, is guillotined in Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday kills Jean-Paul Marat in his bath.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday is executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – French Revolution: The Jardin des Plantes and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle are created by the National Convention. The museum opens in Paris the following year, and the garden houses one of the first public zoos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – French Revolution: The Girondins are overthrown in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – French Revolution: Regular troops under François Hanriot demand that the Girondins be expelled from the National Convention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – French Revolution: Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is guillotined.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – French Revolution: Marie Antoinette, the widowed queen consort of Louis XVI, is guillotined in the Place de la Révolution in Paris at the conclusion of a 2-day trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – French Revolution:The French Republican Calendar is adopted by the National Convention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – French Revolution: The National Convention begins the 10-month Reign of Terror.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – French Revolution: The National Convention of the French First Republic abolishes slavery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#January–March", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 (9 Thermidor) – French Revolution – Thermidorian Reaction: Maximilien, Augustin Robespierre and Saint-Just are arrested on the orders of the French National Convention; they are executed the next day, ending the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#July–September", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – the French Revolutionary Government decides that the Terror would be centralised, with almost all the tribunals in the provinces closed and all the trials held in Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#April–June", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – French Revolution: The Constitution of the Year III is ratified by the National Convention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352627752#July–December", "title": "1795", "revid": 1352627752, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – French Revolution: Revolutionary Tribunal suppressed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352627752#January–June", "title": "1795", "revid": 1352627752, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – French Revolution: The French Directory takes power; the influence of the Sans-culottes declines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352627752#July–December", "title": "1795", "revid": 1352627752, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 19", "text": "February 19 – Treaty of Tolentino: Pope Pius VI signs a peace treaty with Revolutionary France. He is forced to deliver works of art, treasures, territory, the Comtat Venaissin, and 30 million francs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#January–March", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1799, "year_label": "1799 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Coup of 18 Brumaire: Napoleon overthrows the French Directory in a coup d'état, which ends the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370057226#October–December", "title": "1799", "revid": 1370057226, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – A general amnesty signed by Napoleon allows all but about 1,000 of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France as part of a conciliatory gesture to make peace with the various factions of the Ancien Régime that ultimately consolidates his own rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341741915#April–June", "title": "1802", "revid": 1341741915, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341741915#April–June", "title": "1802", "revid": 1341741915, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais, Italian general in the French Revolution (b. 1741)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#January–June", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The Napoleonic Wars come to an end after 12 years, with the British government restoring the status quo of France, prior to when the French Revolution began in 1789, after 26 years of turmoil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587765#November", "title": "1815", "revid": 1365587765, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – France celebrated the bicentennial of the French Revolution, notably with a monumental show on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, directed by French designer Jean-Paul Goude. President François Mitterrand acted as host for invited world leaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#July", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › July"}}]}