{"slug": "frisia", "label": "Frisia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4492881", "qid": "Q4492881", "description": "cultural region in Germany and the Netherlands", "entries": 26, "years": 25, "span": [695, 1323], "span_label": ["695 CE", "1323 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "willibrord", "label": "Willibrord", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "county-of-holland", "label": "County of Holland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "saint-boniface", "label": "Saint Boniface", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "saxons", "label": "Saxons", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "dorestad", "label": "Dorestad", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "austrasia", "label": "Austrasia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "frisians", "label": "Frisians", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "archdiocese-of-utrecht-6951580", "label": "Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 695, "year_label": "695 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – Willibrord, Northumbrian missionary, becomes the first bishop of Utrecht (Netherlands). He returns to Frisia to preach, and builds numerous churches (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806239#Religion", "title": "695", "revid": 1340806239, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 703, "year_label": "703 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Wilfrid, Anglo-Saxon bishop, travels to Rome again, and is supported in his struggle to retain his see of York by the pope. On his way Wilfrid stops in Frisia (modern Netherlands), to visit Willibrord.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807078#Religion", "title": "703", "revid": 1340807078, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Peaceful relations between Franks and Frisians are consolidated by the marriage of Pepin of Herstal's son Grimoald to Theudesinda, daughter of King Radbod.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Europe", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 716, "year_label": "716 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Boniface, Anglo-Saxon missionary, leaves England and travels to Frisia (the western parts of the modern-day Netherlands) to assist Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, in his work to convert the pagan Frisians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808331#Religion", "title": "716", "revid": 1340808331, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 717, "year_label": "717 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Charles Martel consolidates his power, proclaims Clotaire IV king of Austrasia in opposition to Chilperic, and deposes Rigobert, bishop of Reims, replacing him with Milo. He marches against Radbod, king (or duke) of the Frisians, and pushes him back into his territory (later part of the Netherlands). Charles sends the Saxons back over the Weser River, and secures the Rhine border—in the name of Clotaire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808622#Western_Europe", "title": "717", "revid": 1340808622, "section": "Events › By place › Western Europe"}}, {"year": 718, "year_label": "718 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Wessex-born missionary Boniface sets out for Frisia a second time. He travels to Rome, where Pope Gregory II sends him on a mission to convert the Saxons in Lower Saxony (modern-day Germany).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367661186#Religion", "title": "718", "revid": 1367661186, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 719, "year_label": "719 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Frisian–Frankish War: Charles Martel defeats Redbad, King of the Frisians. He easily invades Frisia (modern Netherlands) and subjugates the territory. Charles also crosses the Rhine and annexes \"farther\" Frisia, to the banks of the River Vlie.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367050525#Europe", "title": "719", "revid": 1367050525, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Boniface, Anglo-Saxon missionary, is killed by a band of pagans at Dokkum in Frisia, while reading the Scriptures to Christian converts. He is later buried in the Abbey of Fulda, entrusted to his Bavarian disciple Sturm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Religion", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 770, "year_label": "770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "King Alhred of Northumbria takes an interest in continental missionary activities, and sends Willehad to Frisia in modern-day Netherlands (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847752#Britain", "title": "770", "revid": 1340847752, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 783, "year_label": "783 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Saxon Wars: Charlemagne defeats the Saxon rebels in a three-day battle next to the Hase River, and perhaps overruns fortifications on the Wittekindsberg, before ravaging southern Saxony. A Frisian uprising against Carolingian rule is supported by Duke Widukind.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351342197#Europe", "title": "783", "revid": 1351342197, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Frisian–Frankish War: Count Theoderic is sent to Frisia, to muster troops for another offensive against the Avar Khaganate. He is attacked and probably killed by Saxon rebels, near the mouth of the Weser River. The Frisians revolt, and Charlemagne deports Saxon families from north of the river Elbe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Europe", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 826, "year_label": "826 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Harald Klak of Denmark receives the Frisian county of Rüstringen, as a gift from Emperor Louis the Pious.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941323#Europe", "title": "826", "revid": 1340941323, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 839, "year_label": "839 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Danish Vikings return to ravage the Frisian coast (sacking Dorestad for the second time).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073737#Europe", "title": "839", "revid": 1267073737, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Danish Viking raiders, led by King Rorik, conquer Dorestad and Utrecht (modern-day Netherlands). Emperor Lothair I recognizes him as ruler of most of Friesland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Europe", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gerolf of Holland, count of Friesland (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Births", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 854, "year_label": "854 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Viking chieftains Rorik and Godfrid Haraldsson return to Denmark, to gain power after the death of King Horik I. During a civil war, they are forced to go back to Friesland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129142#Europe", "title": "854", "revid": 1341129142, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 870, "year_label": "870 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – Treaty of Meerssen: King Louis the German forces his half-brother Charles the Bald to accept a peace treaty, which partitions the Middle Frankish Kingdom into two larger east and west divisions. Louis receives most of Austrasia (which evolves into the Kingdom of Germany), and Charles receives territory in Lower Burgundy (which evolves into the Kingdom of France). However, large parts of the Frisian coast are under Viking control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129562#Europe", "title": "870", "revid": 1341129562, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 895, "year_label": "895 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gerolf of Holland, count of Friesland (or 896)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093921#Deaths", "title": "895", "revid": 1346093921, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 988, "year_label": "988 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – Dirk II, count of Frisia and Holland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364920019#Deaths", "title": "988", "revid": 1364920019, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 991, "year_label": "991 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Stavoren is sacked in Viking raids on the ports of Frisia and the mouths of the Rhine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261005#Unknown_dates", "title": "991", "revid": 1365261005, "section": "Events › Unknown dates"}}, {"year": 1003, "year_label": "1003 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Liudolf of Brunswick, margrave of Frisia (d. 1038)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369535158#Births", "title": "1003", "revid": 1369535158, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1038, "year_label": "1038 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Liudolf of Brunswick, margrave of Frisia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129769#Deaths", "title": "1038", "revid": 1350129769, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1049, "year_label": "1049 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – Theodwin, prince-bishop of Liège, defeats Count Dirk IV of West Frisia near Dordrecht and restores imperial authority in the Rhine Delta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129777#Europe", "title": "1049", "revid": 1350129777, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Late spring – An expedition of Crusaders and Englishmen, together with forces from Flanders, Frisia, Scotland and some German polities, leaves from Dartmouth in England for the Holy Land. Leadership is provided by Hervey de Glanvill, a Norman nobleman and constable of Suffolk, who leads a fleet of some 200 ships. Bad weather forces them to take refuge at the mouth of the Douro River, on the Portuguese coast, on June 16.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Battle of Heiloo: Floris V, count of Holland, makes an unsuccessful attack on Frisia in an attempt to recover the body of his father, William II, who was killed (16 years ago) by the Frisians near Hoogwoud (modern Netherlands).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#Europe", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1323, "year_label": "1323 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Treaty of Paris: Count Louis I relinquishes Flemish claims over the County of Zeeland. He acknowledges William II the Good as count of Avesnes, Holland, and Zeeland as a state within the Holy Roman Empire. William occupies most of the Bishopric of Utrecht and tries to conquer Friesland (or Frisia) but is repelled by Governor Hessel Martena.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018212#January_–_March", "title": "1323", "revid": 1332018212, "section": "Events › January – March"}}]}