{"slug": "frisians", "label": "Frisians", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisians", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106416", "qid": "Q106416", "description": "ethnic group native to Germany and the Netherlands", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [28, 1611], "span_label": ["28 CE", "1611 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "willibrord", "label": "Willibrord", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "order-of-saint-benedict", "label": "Order of Saint Benedict", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "frisia", "label": "Frisia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "danes", "label": "Danes", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-the-fowler", "label": "Henry the Fowler", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "utrecht", "label": "Utrecht", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dorestad", "label": "Dorestad", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 28, "year_label": "28 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Roman legions in Germania are transported by fleet to the fortress of Flevum on the Rhine, to operate against the rebellious Frisians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#Germania", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Events › 28 AD › Germania"}}, {"year": 47, "year_label": "47 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo is made commander of the Roman army in Germania Inferior. He conquers the Chauci and fights against the Cherusci and Frisians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_47", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 47"}}, {"year": 689, "year_label": "689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Dorestad: The Frisians under King Radbod are defeated by the Frankish mayor of the palace, Pippin of Herstal. The Rhine delta and Dorestad (modern Netherlands) become Frankish again, as well as the castles of Utrecht and Fechten (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350231931#Europe", "title": "689", "revid": 1350231931, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 690, "year_label": "690 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Willibrord, Anglo-Saxon missionary, travels from York with 12 Benedictine monks to Westkapelle, (modern Netherlands) to Christianize the pagan Frisians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806273#Religion", "title": "690", "revid": 1340806273, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 697, "year_label": "697 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Radbod, king of the Frisians, retreats to the island of Heligoland in the North Sea (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361010652#Europe", "title": "697", "revid": 1361010652, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Civil War within the Pepinid clan: A revolt erupts between the Neustrian Franks and Frisians. King Radbod forces bishop Willibrord and his Benedictine monks to flee, and advances as far as Cologne (Germany). Frisia (modern-day Netherlands) once again becomes independent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#Europe", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 716, "year_label": "716 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Boniface, Anglo-Saxon missionary, leaves England and travels to Frisia (the western parts of the modern-day Netherlands) to assist Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, in his work to convert the pagan Frisians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808331#Religion", "title": "716", "revid": 1340808331, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Frisian–Frankish War: Count Theoderic is sent to Frisia, to muster troops for another offensive against the Avar Khaganate. He is attacked and probably killed by Saxon rebels, near the mouth of the Weser River. The Frisians revolt, and Charlemagne deports Saxon families from north of the river Elbe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Europe", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 810, "year_label": "810 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Godfred of the Danes leads 200 Viking ships to plunder the Frisian coast, and forces the merchants to pay 100 pounds of silver. He claims Northern Frisia as Danish territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848812#Europe", "title": "810", "revid": 1340848812, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 885, "year_label": "885 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Charles the Fat summons a meeting of officials at Lobith (modern Netherlands), and accuses Hugh, an illegitimate son of former king Lothair II, and his vassal Godfrid, Duke of Frisia, of plotting against him. Hugh is blinded, and exiled to the Abbey of Saint Gall (modern Switzerland). Godfrid is killed by a group of Frisian and Saxon nobles, at the connivance of Henry of Franconia. The local count, Gerolf, takes over the West Frisian coastline from the Danish, after the murder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655145#Europe", "title": "885", "revid": 1366655145, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 934, "year_label": "934 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Henry I (\"the Fowler\") pacifies the territories to the north, where the Danish Vikings have been harrying the Frisians by sea. He defeats the Danes petty King Gnupa, and conquers Hedeby.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512094#Europe", "title": "934", "revid": 1341512094, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – Battle of Warns: The Frisians defeat the forces of Holland under William II, Count of Hainaut, in the midst of the Friso-Hollandic Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Events", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1517, "year_label": "1517 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Pier Gerlofs Donia, leader of a rebellion of the Frisians minority of the Netherlands, leads 4,000 of his Arumer Zwarte Hoop soldiers on an attack against the Dutch inhabitants of Medemblik, then moves on to a massacre of the residents of the village of Asperen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649067#April–June", "title": "1517", "revid": 1366649067, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1523, "year_label": "1523 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – Wijerd Jelckama, a Frisian warlord and military commander, is executed in Leeuwarden, ending the Frisian rebellion fought by the Arumer Black Heap.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561167#July–September", "title": "1523", "revid": 1369561167, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1611, "year_label": "1611 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope, by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius. Johannes publishes the results of these observations, in De Maculis in Sole observatis in Wittenberg, later this year. Such early discoveries are overlooked, however, and the first sighting is claimed a few months later, by Galileo Galilei and Christoph Scheiner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277342005#January–March", "title": "1611", "revid": 1277342005, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}