{"slug": "galilee", "label": "Galilee", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilee", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83241", "qid": "Q83241", "description": "large region mainly located in northern Israel", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [-159, 1266], "span_label": ["160 BCE", "1266 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "judea", "label": "Judea", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tiberias", "label": "Tiberias", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-germany", "label": "Kingdom of Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cairo", "label": "Cairo", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saladin", "label": "Saladin", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -159, "year_label": "160 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In response to the Jewish high priest, Alcimus', request for assistance, the Seleucid general Bacchides leads an army into Judea with the intent of reconquering this now independent kingdom. Bacchides rapidly marches through Judea after carrying out a massacre of the Assideans in Galilee. He quickly makes for Jerusalem, besieging the city and trapping Judas Maccabeus, the spiritual and military leader of the Maccabees, inside. However, Judas and many of his supporters manage to escape the siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100355#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "160 BC", "revid": 1266100355, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -3, "year_label": "4 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Herod the Great dies, which causes unrest in his client kingdom of Judea. His son, Herod Archelaus, becomes the new ruler. Herod Antipas becomes tetrarch of Galilee and Perea,and the governor of Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, marches down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order; around 3000 Jews are crucified.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#Roman_Empire", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Events › 4 BC › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 39, "year_label": "39 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Agrippa I, king of Judaea, successfully accuses Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, of conspiracy against Caligula. Antipas is exiled and Agrippa receives his territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#Palestine", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Events › 39 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 66, "year_label": "66 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gallus leads his main force down the coast from Caesarea via Antipatris to Lydda, detaching other units, by land and sea, to neutralize the rebel strongholds at Joppa, Narbata and the Tower of Aphek. With Galilee and the entire Judean coast in his hands, Gallus assumes his campaign before the winter rains render the roads impassable. He turns inland and marches on Jerusalem, taking the road via the plain at Emmaus. Gallus succeeds in conquering Beit She'arim (the \"New City\") on the Bezetha Hill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330182683#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 66", "revid": 1330182683, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 67, "year_label": "67 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Yodfat: Its 40,000 Jewish inhabitants are massacred. The historian Josephus, leader of the rebels in Galilee, is captured by the Romans. Vespasian is wounded in the foot by an arrow fired from the city wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185877#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 67", "revid": 1371185877, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 136, "year_label": "136 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following the Bar Kokhba revolt, Emperor Hadrian expels the Jews from Judea, and receives a triumphal arch near Scythopolis. The Roman province of Iudaea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina (the name Palestine as a designation for this land has been used since at least the 5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus)).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335665818#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 136", "revid": 1335665818, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 352, "year_label": "352 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Constantius Gallus sends his general (magister equitum) Ursicinus to forcefully put down the Jewish revolt in Palestine. The rebels destroy the cities Diopolis and Tiberias, while Diocesarea is razed to the ground. Ursicinus gives the order to kill thousands of Jews, even children. After the revolt, a permanent garrison is stationed in Galilee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279672452#Roman_Empire", "title": "352", "revid": 1279672452, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 616, "year_label": "616 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628: The Jews of Jerusalem gain complete control over the city; much of Judea and Galilee becomes an autonomous Jewish province of the Persian Empire. The Jewish Temple is rebuilt by Nehemiah ben Hushiel (exilarch of Jerusalem), who establishes a High Priesthood.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636041#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "616", "revid": 1367636041, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 630, "year_label": "630 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Heraclius issues a decree that all Jews must become Christian; a massacre follows around Jerusalem and in Galilee (Israel), some survivors fleeing to the Daraa area.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803540#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "630", "revid": 1340803540, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1121, "year_label": "1121 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Seljuk forces under Toghtekin make extensive raids into Galilee. King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, in reprisal, crosses the Jordan River with a Crusader army and ravages the countryside. He occupies and destroys a fortress that Toghtekin has built at Jerash.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154597#Levant", "title": "1121", "revid": 1362154597, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – Saladin leads an Egyptian expeditionary force from Cairo to Syria. In June, he arrives in Damascus and learns that his nephew Farrukh Shah has raided Galilee, and sacked the villages near Mount Tabor. On his way back, Farrukh Shah attacks the fortress of Habis Jaldak, carved out of the rock above the River Yarmuk. The garrison, Christian Syrians with no great wish to die for the Crusaders, promptly surrenders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Levant", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1219, "year_label": "1219 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Al-Kamil sends two captive knights as envoys, to renew his former offers of an armistice. If the Crusaders evacuate Egypt, he will return the True Cross (lost in the Battle of Hattin) and they can have Jerusalem, all central Palestine and Galilee. John I advised its acceptance, along with the nobles from England, France and Germany. Pelagius again refuses the peace terms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345005371#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1219", "revid": 1345005371, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Khwarazmian forces (some 10,000 men) invade Syrian territory, ravaging the land and burning the villages. As Damascus is too strong for a siege, they attack Galilee, past the town of Tiberias – which they capture. The Khwarazmians attack further southward through Nablus towards Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Levant", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1260, "year_label": "1260 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee: The Egyptians defeat the Mongols, marking their first decisive defeat, and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire. Isa ibn Muhanna is appointed amir al-ʿarab under the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366894029#Asia", "title": "1260", "revid": 1366894029, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1266, "year_label": "1266 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – A Crusader advance guard is ambushed by the Egyptian garrison of Safed, while local Arabs attack the Crusader camp. The 13-year-old Hugh II, ruler of Cyprus, is advised to retire and withdraw with heavy losses. Meanwhile, Baibars campaigns in Galilee and leads a lightning raid to Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320651#Levant", "title": "1266", "revid": 1351320651, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}]}