{"slug": "ganges", "label": "Ganges", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5089", "qid": "Q5089", "description": "major river in India", "entries": 7, "years": 6, "span": [-325, 2021], "span_label": ["326 BCE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Ganges River"], "related": [{"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bihar", "label": "Bihar", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tang-dynasty", "label": "Tang dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "emperor-taizong-of-tang", "label": "Emperor Taizong of Tang", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "crete", "label": "Crete", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "persian-gulf", "label": "Persian Gulf", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "delhi", "label": "Delhi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chola-dynasty", "label": "Chola dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bengal", "label": "Bengal", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "magadha", "label": "Magadha", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -325, "year_label": "326 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexander continues on to conquer all the headwaters of the Indus River. East of Porus' kingdom, near the Ganges River, Alexander faces the powerful empire of Magadha ruled by the Nanda dynasty. Fearing the prospects of facing another powerful Indian army and exhausted by years of campaigning, his army mutinies at the Hyphasis River (the modern Beas River) and refuses to march further east, thus making this river mark the easternmost extent of Alexander's conquests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279205798#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "326 BC", "revid": 1279205798, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -325, "year_label": "326 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the mutiny of his army at the Hyphasis River, Alexander is persuaded by his army leaders to abandon his plans for invading the Ganges Valley. Alexander appoints Nearchus, a Cretan with naval experience, as admiral and places under his command all in the ranks of his army with any knowledge of seafaring. Nearchus has Indian shipwrights build 800 vessels, some as large as 300 tons, to take the army through Persian Gulf waters to Babylon. Alexander the Great begins the return march down the Indus to the sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279205798#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "326 BC", "revid": 1279205798, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A center of Buddhist studies is established at Nalanda in Bihar on the plains of the Ganges River (India).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Asia", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 647, "year_label": "647 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty sends a Chinese mission to study Indian techniques of sugar manufacturing, at Bihar in the Ganges Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804471#Asia", "title": "647", "revid": 1340804471, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1021, "year_label": "1021 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Rajendra Chola I extends his influence of the Chola Empire to the banks of the Ganges River (North India) and invades Bengal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212958#Asia", "title": "1021", "revid": 1342212958, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1493, "year_label": "1493 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – Columbus begins writing his first account of his voyage to the New World, titled \"Letter of Columbus, on the islands of India beyond the Ganges recently discovered\", an account later printed and sold throughout Europe. His reference to the Ganges river in India confirms that he thought he had reached Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631093#January–March", "title": "1493", "revid": 1371631093, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – COVID-19 pandemic in India: The country's death toll exceeds 250,000. Delhi cremation grounds were running out of places while hundreds of bodies were reported washed up on the banks of the Ganges.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#May", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › May"}}]}