{"slug": "gascony", "label": "Gascony", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascony", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191085", "qid": "Q191085", "description": "former French territory", "entries": 21, "years": 20, "span": [632, 1452], "span_label": ["632 CE", "1452 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "bordeaux", "label": "Bordeaux", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "aquitaine", "label": "Aquitaine", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "provence", "label": "Provence", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "simon-de-montfort-6th-earl-of-leicester", "label": "Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-england", "label": "Henry III of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dagobert-i", "label": "Dagobert I", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hundred-years-war", "label": "Hundred Years' War", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "calais", "label": "Calais", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – King Charibert II is assassinated at Blaye (Gironde), (possibly on orders of his half-brother Dagobert I), along with his infant son. Dagobert I claims Aquitaine and Gascony, becoming the most powerful Merovingian king in the West.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Europe", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 721, "year_label": "721 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Charles Martel restores the authority of the Austrasian palace throughout the Frankish Kingdom, including against Frankish-claimed Aquitaine and Provence (Southern France). He exiles Rigobert, bishop of Reims, to Gascony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808636#Europe", "title": "721", "revid": 1340808636, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 769, "year_label": "769 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Charlemagne (Charles \"the Great\") begins a military campaign against the Duchy of Aquitaine and the Duchy of Gascony. He leads a Frankish army to the city of Bordeaux, where he sets up a fort at Fronsac. His younger brother Carloman I refuses to help his brother fight the rebels, and returns to Burgundy. Hunald, duke of Aquitaine, is forced to flee to the court of Gascony. Lupus II, fearing Charlemagne, turns Hunald over in exchange for peace, and is put in a monastery. Aquitaine and Gascony are subdued into the Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349074717#Europe", "title": "769", "revid": 1349074717, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 816, "year_label": "816 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The Basques, supported by the Moors, cross the Garonne River and revolt against the Franks in Gascony (north of the Pyrenees).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941190#Europe", "title": "816", "revid": 1340941190, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 839, "year_label": "839 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third Civil War: King Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne, invades Swabia. His nephew, Pepin II of Aquitaine, and his Gascon subjects, conquer territory all the way to the Loire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073737#Europe", "title": "839", "revid": 1267073737, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 864, "year_label": "864 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sancho II, count of Gascony (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365939843#Deaths", "title": "864", "revid": 1365939843, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1251, "year_label": "1251 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – English governor Simon de Montfort suppresses a revolt in Gascony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362481176#Europe", "title": "1251", "revid": 1362481176, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1253, "year_label": "1253 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – King Henry III leads an expedition to Gascony, to repel a rumoured invasion from Castile. Meanwhile, Simon de Montfort returns from Gascony where he allies himself with the barons who oppose Henry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362664638#England", "title": "1253", "revid": 1362664638, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – King Henry III of England dies at the Palace of Westminster after a 56-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Edward I, who slowly returns from the Holy Land via Gascony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#England", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Treaty of Paris: King Philip the Fair of France signs a peace treaty with Edward Longshanks, King of England. According to the terms of the treaty, Gascony is restored to England – as well as the cities of Bordeaux and Bayonne. In return, Edward swears allegiance to Philip as his vassal and agrees that Philipp's daughter, Isabella of France, be married to his son Edward of Caernarfon, until she is old enough.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#April–June", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1314, "year_label": "1314 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The 1314–1316 papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Clement V begins at Carpentras Cathedral in Provence with 23 cardinals in attendance, of whom the votes of 16 are necessary to elect a new Pontiff. The cardinals are divided into three factions, none of which have more than eight people, with a group from Italy (led by Guillaume de Mandagot), who want to move the papacy back to Rome; nine from Gascony, most of whom are relatives of Pope Clement (led by Arnaud de Pellegrue); and five from Provence (led by Berengar Fredol).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434387#April_–_June", "title": "1314", "revid": 1373434387, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1337, "year_label": "1337 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Philip VI of France confiscates Gascony from English control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629159#January–December", "title": "1337", "revid": 1359629159, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Gascon campaign of 1345 - Battle of Bergerac, Gascony: English troops are victorious over the French.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Events", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – Battle of Auberoche in Gascony: The English defeat the French.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Events", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1348, "year_label": "1348 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "By June 24 – The Black Death pandemic reaches England, having probably been brought across the English Channel by fleas on rats aboard a ship from Gascony to the south coast port of Melcombe (modern-day Weymouth, Dorset); by November it will have reached London and by 1350 will have killed one third to a half of its population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320392432#January–December", "title": "1348", "revid": 1320392432, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1355, "year_label": "1355 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5–December 2 – Hundred Years' War: Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355 – A large mounted Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward the Black Prince marches from Bordeaux in English-held Gascony 300 miles (480 km) south to Narbonne and back, devastating a wide swathe of French territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357199170#Events", "title": "1355", "revid": 1357199170, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1360, "year_label": "1360 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War. Under its terms, Edward III of England gives up his claim to the French throne, and releases King John II of France in return for French land, including Calais and Gascony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555105#January–December", "title": "1360", "revid": 1292555105, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1412, "year_label": "1412 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – The Treaty of Bourges is signed between King Henry IV of England and Charles, Duke of Orléans, as the Armagnacs offer England full sovereignty over Aquitaine and Gascony in return for 4,000 troops and military aid against the Burgundians and John the Fearless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357537157#April–June", "title": "1412", "revid": 1357537157, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1440, "year_label": "1440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – In France, the Siege of Tartas is commenced in Gascony by troops of the Kingdom of England and the English-controlled Duchy of Gascony in an attempt to oust a French supporter of King Charles VII, Charles II d'Albret, who has taken control of Tartas. The siege lasts for almost two years before being abandoned by the English.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343605568#July–September", "title": "1440", "revid": 1343605568, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1441, "year_label": "1441 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – The siege of Tartas in France is temporarily halted when Charles II of Albret, against whom residents of Gascony are campaigning, and the commander of the English forces, Sir Thomas Rempston, agree to a three-month truce.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361382363#January–March", "title": "1441", "revid": 1361382363, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1452, "year_label": "1452 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The Earl of Shrewsbury and his army capture Bordeaux, capital of Gascony, after having taken back most of the province without resistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355060030#October–December", "title": "1452", "revid": 1355060030, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}