{"slug": "gaza-city", "label": "Gaza City", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_City", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47492", "qid": "Q47492", "description": "ancient Levantine metropolis and modern city in Gaza Strip", "entries": 19, "years": 19, "span": [-331, 2025], "span_label": ["332 BCE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "arcadius", "label": "Arcadius", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seleucid", "label": "Seleucid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "antiochus-iii-the-great", "label": "Antiochus III the Great", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ptolemy-iv-philopator", "label": "Ptolemy IV Philopator", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-jerusalem", "label": "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mediterranean-sea", "label": "Mediterranean Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "knights-templar", "label": "Knights Templar", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -331, "year_label": "332 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Leaving Parmenion in Syria, Alexander advances south without opposition until he reaches Gaza where bitter resistance halts him for two months, and he sustains a serious shoulder wound during a sortie.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322067290#Macedonia", "title": "332 BC", "revid": 1322067290, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -216, "year_label": "217 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Egyptian native hoplites under Ptolemy IV crush the Seleucid army under Antiochus III in the Battle of Raphia near Gaza. The realization of their military importance leads to demands by native Egyptians for greater privileges and so to the development of racial difficulties which will weaken the Ptolemy dynasty in the future.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1306223252#Egypt", "title": "217 BC", "revid": 1306223252, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 347, "year_label": "347 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Saint Porphyry, bishop of Gaza (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267074920#Births", "title": "347", "revid": 1267074920, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 398, "year_label": "398 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, receives a delegation of clergy who want to close the pagan temples at Gaza (Palestine) where worshippers are openly defying the law. John works through the eunuch Eutropius, who has great power over emperor Arcadius, and within a week an imperial Constitution is issued closing the Roman temples, but the official appointed to execute this order is bribed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364744112#Religion", "title": "398", "revid": 1364744112, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 402, "year_label": "402 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Cynegius, acting for Emperor Arcadius at the insistence of Bishop Porphyry, orders the destruction of pagan temples in Gaza.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326555519#Religion", "title": "402", "revid": 1326555519, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 420, "year_label": "420 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 26", "text": "February 26 – Saint Porphyry, bishop of Gaza (Palestine)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371542443#Deaths", "title": "AD 420", "revid": 1371542443, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 543, "year_label": "543 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Barsanuphius, a famous hermit close to Gaza, retreats fully from the world after the death of Seridus, abbot of the nearby monastery, and fellow hermit John the Prophet with whom he wrote over 850 letters to people seeking his advice and guidance. Aelianos follows Seridus as abbot of the monastery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799598#Religion", "title": "543", "revid": 1340799598, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 634, "year_label": "634 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – Battle of Dathin: Rashidun forces under Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan defeat the Christian Arabs around Gaza. The Muslim victory is celebrated by the local Jews, who have been a persecuted minority within the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299946990#Arabia", "title": "634", "revid": 1299946990, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 635, "year_label": "635 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gaza is conquered by the Muslim Arabs under 'Amr ibn al-'As. It becomes the first city in Palestine developed into a centre of Islamic law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906250#Arabia", "title": "635", "revid": 1364906250, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 1170, "year_label": "1170 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Egyptian forces, led by Saladin, invade the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and besiege Darum on the Mediterranean coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege engines with him, the fall seems imminent. King Amalric I withdraws his Templar garrison from Gaza, to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord Miles of Plancy), and massacres the inhabitants. However, the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat to Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488642#Levant", "title": "1170", "revid": 1367488642, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Egyptian troops led by Saladin begins a campaign that paves the way for further Muslim inroads into Christian territory. Al-Adil invades Palestine with the Egyptian army, and captures the strategic castle of Mirabel (Majdal Yaba). By mid-September, Saladin has captured the cities of Acre, Jaffa, Gaza and Ascalon (blockaded by the Egyptian fleet), along with some 50 Crusader castles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Egypt", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – Sultan as-Salih Ayyub sends an Ayyubid army to Gaza to protect the Egyptian border. At nightfall, Henry of Bar, jealous of the successful ambush of Peter of Brittany, decides to march out towards Gaza with a Crusader force (some 500 knights and 1,000 soldiers). Although warned by Theobald I, Henry sets up camp in a flat terrain surrounded by sand dunes near Gaza.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Levant", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22–23 – Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar: Mongol forces under Ghazan Khan defeat a Mamluk army (some 30,000 men) north of Homs. Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad flees with the remnants of his army to Damascus. Ghazan splits his forces, one part sacks Damascus and besieges the citadel. Another part pursues the retreating Mamluks as far as Gaza, pushing them back to Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Levant", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1315, "year_label": "1315 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – The Al-Shamah Mosque, in modern-day Gaza City in Palestine, is completed after being commissioned by the Mamluk Sultanate Governor of Gaza, Sanjar al-Jawli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018303#January_–_March", "title": "1315", "revid": 1332018303, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1418, "year_label": "1418 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – Commissioned by the Sultan Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh of Egypt and supervised by the Shaykh's Emir Abu Bakr al-Yaghmuri, the rebuilding of the Ibn Uthman Mosque begins in Gaza City. The Mosque will be completed in 1431 but will be destroyed almost 600 years later in 2024 by an airstrike from the State of Israel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357024356#July–September", "title": "1418", "revid": 1357024356, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17): Ottoman forces under the Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha defeat the Mamluks in the Battle of Yaunis Khan near Gaza.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#October–December", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 7", "text": "November 7 – WWI – Third Battle of Gaza: The British Army XXI Corps occupies Gaza, after the Ottoman garrison withdraws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#November", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 29", "text": "February 29 – Gaza war: Soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces open fire on a crowd of civilians in Gaza City, killing more than 100 people, as the Palestinian casualties of the war exceed 30,000.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#February", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Famine is confirmed in Gaza City for the first time after the UN-backed body responsible for monitoring food security raises its classification to Phase 5, the highest and worst level. The IPC says more than 500,000 people are now facing \"starvation, destitution and death\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#August", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › August"}}]}