{"slug": "genoa", "label": "Genoa", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoa", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1449", "qid": "Q1449", "description": "Italian city", "entries": 38, "years": 37, "span": [-204, 2018], "span_label": ["205 BCE", "2018 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "liguria", "label": "Liguria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "venice", "label": "Venice", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "marseille", "label": "Marseille", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "corsica", "label": "Corsica", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pisa", "label": "Pisa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-innocent-iv", "label": "Pope Innocent IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -204, "year_label": "205 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Carthaginian army under Mago Barca lands in Liguria, capturing Genoa and Savona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853505#Roman_Republic", "title": "205 BC", "revid": 1361853505, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -179, "year_label": "180 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rome completes its subjugation of all of Italy with the defeat of the Ligurians in a battle near modern Genoa. Rome deports 40,000 Ligurians to other areas of the Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100368#Roman_Republic", "title": "180 BC", "revid": 1266100368, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -147, "year_label": "148 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Construction of the Via Postumia, linking Aquileia and Genua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341236547#Roman_Republic", "title": "148 BC", "revid": 1341236547, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -42, "year_label": "43 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Antony marches to Parma (which is sacked) and Placentia. He then crosses the Ligurian Alps to Vada Sabatia, 50 km 0 south-west of Genoa, and joins with Aemilius Lepidus, soon after Decimus Brutus is killed by brigands. The Senate declares Antony a hostis, an enemy of the state. Sextus Pompey becomes supreme commander of the Roman navy and Gaius Cassius proconsul of Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338224737#Roman_Republic", "title": "43 BC", "revid": 1338224737, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 641, "year_label": "641 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards under King Rothari conquer Genoa (Liguria), and all remaining Byzantine territories in the lower Po Valley, including Oderzo (Opitergium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364764166#Europe", "title": "641", "revid": 1364764166, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 935, "year_label": "935 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Fatimid caliph al-Qa'im dispatches a naval expedition under Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi to raid the coast of Provence and Liguria, sacking Genoa on 16 August and attacking Pisa. Ya'qub also raids Corsica and Sardinia before returning to Mahdia with some 8,000 prisoners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468168#Europe", "title": "935", "revid": 1364468168, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 962, "year_label": "962 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Otto I makes Oberto I, a margrave of the Obertenghi family, count palatine (a position second only to his own). He is granted the March of Obertenga (Eastern Liguria) and establishes his capital in Genoa. Oberto also receives the possessions of the Abbey of Bobbio (famous for its scriptorium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513175#Europe", "title": "962", "revid": 1341513175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1034, "year_label": "1034 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Pisan and Genovese fleet attack Bona (modern Annaba) on the Maghribi coast (modern Algeria). The city is occupied for one year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215274#Africa", "title": "1034", "revid": 1342215274, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Genoa, Venice and Pisa gain trading privileges from the Crusader states, in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Levant", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – King Richard I (the Lion Heart) and Philip II (Augustus), meet at Vézelay and agree to divide the spoils of the Crusade equally between themselves. They march to the coast and then make their way across the Mediterranean, taking different routes. Richard travels with an expeditionary force (some 17,000 men) via Marseille and Philip travels with a smaller contingent (some 15,000 men) via Genoa. Richard has some 100 ships at his disposal, several of which are from Norman ports, others from Shoreham and Southampton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Europe", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Early Spring – Nicholas leads a group from the Rhineland and crosses the alps into Italy. In August, he arrives with some 7,000 children in Genoa. Nicholas travels to the Papal States where he meets Pope Innocent III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354428304#Europe", "title": "1212", "revid": 1354428304, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – Pope Innocent IV is driven from Rome by imperial forces of Emperor Frederick II, and travels secretly in disguise to Sutri. Genoese galleys prepared by his relatives are waiting for him at the port of Civitavecchia to take him to Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Religion", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June", "text": "June – Rabban Bar Sauma, Chinese Nestorian monk and diplomat, travels from Constantinople to Italy. There he arrives in Naples and witnesses a sea battle in the harbour between the Aragonese and the Angevin fleets. Bar Sauma goes to Rome, but arrives too late to meet Pope Honorius IV, who recently died. He instead is engaged in negotiations with the cardinals, who are in a conclave to elect a successor, and visits the St. Peter's Basilica. Bar Sauma goes to Genoa, where he receives a warm welcome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#Europe", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marco Polo returns to Venice after 24 years of travel in China. When the Polos arrive, Venice is engaged in a naval war with the rival city of Genoa. Marco joins the war and arms a galley equipped with a trebuchet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Rustichello da Pisa completes taking down The Travels of Marco Polo from Marco while they are both imprisoned in Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Literature", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By topic › Literature"}}, {"year": 1317, "year_label": "1317 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – Manuel Pessanha of Genoa is appointed as the first Chief Admiral of Portugal (Almirante-mor) by King Denis, and charged with organizing a permanent navy for the kingdom, with 20 warships and hiring Genoese captains to recruit sailors. The organization of the Portuguese Royal Navy is completed by December 12.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368785088#January_–_March", "title": "1317", "revid": 1368785088, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Battle of Chios: A Knights Hospitaller-Genoese fleet (some 30 ships) led by Albert of Schwarzburg defeats a Turkish fleet, off Chios.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#July_–_September", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Pope Gregory XI and several cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church depart on a ship from the port of Marseille in France, and encounter severe storms before arriving in Genoa. He will finally arrive in Rome on January 17, 1377.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#October–December", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – The Treaty of Turin is signed between the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa to end the three-year War of Chioggia against Genoa, on terms favorable to Venice. The settlement comes more than a year after Venice's triumph in the Battle of Chioggia on June 24, 1380.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#July–September", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1385, "year_label": "1385 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – After learning that several of his cardinals had been debating whether to depose him on grounds that he is insane, Pope Urban VI orders the arrest of all of the cardinals within his reach. Giovanni da Amelia, Gentile di Sangro, Adam Eston, Ludovico Donato, Bartolomeo da Cogorno, and Marino del Giudice are all arrested and imprisoned and tortured at the castle of Nocera. Except for Eston, the cardinals arrested are put to death in Genoa by the end of 1386.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362439687#January–March", "title": "1385", "revid": 1362439687, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Jean II Le Maingre of France, also known as Boucicaut, the French Governor of Genoa, leads a fleet of 18 ships, 600 horses and 700 infantry to stop an attack by Muslims on the island of Cyprus and the city of Famagusta. Boucicaut besieges the Muslim city of Candelore on June 24.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#April–June", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1408, "year_label": "1408 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – After receiving the news that France will no longer support his Avignon Obedience, the Antipope Benedict XIII issues the Bull Celestis altitudo, summoning the a council to meet on November 1 at the French city of Perpignan, and then flees from the French-controlled Italian region of Genoa to avoid arrest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360565942#April–June", "title": "1408", "revid": 1360565942, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1436, "year_label": "1436 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – After entering the city of Genoa with several thousand men, former Doge Tomaso di Campofregoso reclaims leadership of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320639#April–July", "title": "1436", "revid": 1351320639, "section": "Events › April–July"}}, {"year": 1492, "year_label": "1492 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – The Genoese navigator Christopher Columbus sails with three ships (Niña, Pinta and Santa María) from Palos de la Frontera, in the service of the Crown of Castile, on his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, intending to reach Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366150846#July—September", "title": "1492", "revid": 1366150846, "section": "Events › July—September"}}, {"year": 1494, "year_label": "1494 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – The three day Battle of Rapallo, fought as part of the Italian War of 1494–1495 between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Naples, is won by the French naval fleet, which then captures and loots Rapallo, near Genoa, after the Neapolitans flee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353371082#July–September", "title": "1494", "revid": 1353371082, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1507, "year_label": "1507 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – French troops retake the city of Genoa after a seven-day siege, defeating rebels who had taken control in July 1506.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367240730#April–June", "title": "1507", "revid": 1367240730, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1528, "year_label": "1528 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – Italian Admiral Andrea Doria defeats his former allies, the French, and establishes the independence of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369577446#July–September", "title": "1528", "revid": 1369577446, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October", "text": "October – The first Martello tower, the Tour de Mortella, designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), is completed as part of the Genovese defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point, in Upper Corsica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#October–December", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Peter Paul Rubens begins work on classical tapestries, when a contract is signed in Antwerp with cloth dyers Jan Raes and Frans Sweerts in Brussels, and the Genoese merchant Franco Cattaneo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}, {"year": 1684, "year_label": "1684 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – The French Navy begins a 10-day bombardment of the Italian city of Genoa in the course of the War of the Reunions between France and the Republic of Genoa. During the fight, the French fleet, commanded by Abraham Duquesne, fires almost 13,000 cannonballs, pausing only during a cease-fire on May 21 and May 22, and uses the new technology of explosive bombs. When the bombardment ends on May 28, two-thirds of the city has been destroyed or damaged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366005630#April–June", "title": "1684", "revid": 1366005630, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Niccolò Paganini debuts as a violin virtuoso at age 11 in his birthplace of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#Undated", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – War of the First Coalition: Raid on Genoa – The British Royal Navy boards and captures French warships, sheltering in the neutral port of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1796, "year_label": "1796 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Napoleon Bonaparte arrives at Nice to take command of the Army of Italy (37,000 men and 60 guns), which is scattered in detachments as far as Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368676893#January–March", "title": "1796", "revid": 1368676893, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – Expedition of the Thousand: Giuseppe Garibaldi and his troops depart from Quarto.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#May", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – Genoa Conference: The representatives of 34 countries convene to speak in Genoa, Italy about monetary economics, in the wake of World War I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#April", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – João Ribeiro de Barros becomes the first non-European to make a transatlantic flight, flying from Genoa, Italy, to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#April", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2001, "year_label": "2001 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20–22 – The 27th G8 summit takes place in Genoa, Italy. Massive demonstrations, drawing an estimated 200,000 people, are held against the meeting by members of the anti-globalization movement. One demonstrator, Carlo Giuliani, is killed by a policeman, and several others are injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373523156#July", "title": "2001", "revid": 1373523156, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – Part of the Morandi Bridge collapses after a violent storm in Genoa, Italy, causing 43 fatalities. Deputy Prime Minister Luigi Di Maio and transport minister Danilo Toninelli blame private company Autostrade per l'Italia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#August", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › August"}}]}