{"slug": "george-washington", "label": "George Washington", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23", "qid": "Q23", "description": "Founding Father and first U.S. president (1732–1799)", "entries": 46, "years": 29, "span": [1649, 1930], "span_label": ["1649 CE", "1930 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 19}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 16}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "continental-army", "label": "Continental Army", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "american-revolutionary-war", "label": "American Revolutionary War", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "french-and-indian-war", "label": "French and Indian War", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "philadelphia", "label": "Philadelphia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "american-revolution", "label": "American Revolution", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "virginia", "label": "Virginia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-congress", "label": "United States Congress", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-constitution", "label": "United States Constitution", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "u-s-state", "label": "U.S. state", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1649, "year_label": "1649 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – Joseph Ball, American settler, public servant, and maternal grandfather of George Washington (d. 1711)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367892628#April–June", "title": "1649", "revid": 1367892628, "section": "Births › April–June"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Joseph Ball, American settler, public servant, and maternal grandfather of George Washington (b. 1649)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#Deaths", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1726, "year_label": "1726 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – Hugh Mercer, brigadier general in the American Continental Army, and a close friend to George Washington (d. 1777)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372345509#Births", "title": "1726", "revid": 1372345509, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Future United States President George Washington becomes seriously ill with smallpox while he and his older brother Lawrence are visiting the island of Barbados during an epidemic Washington, 19 years old, survives the virus but is bedridden for almost a month.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#October–December", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1753, "year_label": "1753 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – Virginia Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie commissions 21-year-old militia Major George Washington to dissuade the French from occupying the Ohio Country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362641691#October–December", "title": "1753", "revid": 1362641691, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Lieutenant Colonel George Washington is forced to confront his first mutiny as 25 members of his Virginia militia refuse to obey orders from their officers. Washington, who is attending church services at the time, quickly suppresses the rebellion and the mutineers are imprisoned before more join.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360193273#July–September", "title": "1754", "revid": 1360193273, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – French and Indian War – Battle of Fort Necessity: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French Capt. Louis Coulon de Villiers, the only surrender in Washington's military career.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360193273#July–September", "title": "1754", "revid": 1360193273, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – French and Indian War: Battle of Jumonville Glen – The war begins when George Washington, 22, leads a company of militia from the Colony of Virginia, in an ambush on a force of 35 French Canadians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360193273#April–June", "title": "1754", "revid": 1360193273, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – French and Indian War – Braddock Expedition: British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat inflicted by French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#July–September", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#January–March", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – Two years after his marriage to Martha Custis and his move to Mount Vernon, American military officer and politician George Washington advertises a reward in the Maryland Gazette for the capture of four fugitive slaves who ran away from him: Cupid, Peros, Jack and Neptune, claiming in the gazette that they had escaped \"without the least suspicion, provocation, or difference with anybody\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#July–September", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – The construction of Christ Church (Alexandria, Virginia), known for being the house of worship for George Washington and the visiting site for subsequent U.S. presidents, is completed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#January–March", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – George Mason and George Washington found the Fairfax County Militia Association, a military unit independent of British control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#July–September", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Second Continental Congress meets, elects John Hancock president, raises the Continental Army under George Washington as commander and authorizes the colonies to adopt their own constitutions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress names George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – American Revolution: Battle of Long Island – George Washington's troops are defeated in Brooklyn by the British, under William Howe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#July–August", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – American Revolutionary War – George Washington's Continental Army goes into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 2", "text": "January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second battle at Trenton, New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#January–March", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General John Cadwalader shoots and seriously wounds Major General Thomas Conway in a duel after a dispute between the two officers over Conway's continued criticism of General George Washington's leadership of the Continental Army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Monmouth – George Washington's Continental Army battles British general Sir Henry Clinton's army to a draw, near Monmouth County, New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#April–June", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington approves the dishonorable discharge of Lieutenant Frederick Gotthold Enslin, for \"attempting to commit sodomy, with John Monhort a soldier\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1781, "year_label": "1781 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – American Revolution: Following the Siege of Yorktown, General Charles Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the armed struggle of the American Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562964#October–December", "title": "1781", "revid": 1370562964, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – George Washington orders the creation of the Badge of Military Merit (or the Order of the Purple Heart) to honor soldiers' merit in battle (reinstated later by Franklin D. Roosevelt, and renamed to the more poetic \"Purple Heart\", to honor soldiers wounded in action).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#July–September", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April", "text": "April – General George Washington sends a letter to the 13 governors of the Confederation of the United States, regarding the needs of the nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#April–June", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington formally bids his officers farewell.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#October–December", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – Newburgh Conspiracy: A potential uprising in the Continental Army stationed at Newburgh, New York, is defused, when George Washington asks the officers to support the supremacy of the United States Congress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#January–March", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – In Rocky Hill, New Jersey, United States General George Washington gives his Farewell Address to the Army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#October–December", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1785, "year_label": "1785 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – American engineer James Rumsey sends a letter to George Washington informing of his plans to create a steamboat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370566385#January–March", "title": "1785", "revid": 1370566385, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – In Philadelphia, delegates begin to convene the Constitutional Convention, intended to amend the Articles of Confederation (however, a new United States Constitution is eventually produced). George Washington presides over the Convention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#April–June", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – George Washington is inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first president of the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#April–June", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – George Washington is unanimously elected the first president of the United States, by the United States Electoral College.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#January–March", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#January–March", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – U.S. President George Washington and his wife, Martha Washington, arrive in the new temporary U.S. capital, Philadelphia, and take up residence at the President's House located at 524 Market Street.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#October–December", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – The capital of the United States, Washington, D.C., is named after the incumbent 1st President George Washington.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#July–September", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – United States President George Washington vetoes a bill designed to apportion representatives among U.S. states. This is the first time the presidential veto is used in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#April–June", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – George Washington is re-elected president of the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#October–December", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office Department, is signed by President George Washington.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#January–March", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – The second United States presidential election is held. Incumbent President George Washington receives all 132 electoral votes for president, and incumbent Vice President John Adams is re-elected with 77 of 132 votes, with George Clinton receiving 50.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#October–December", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – George Washington holds the first Cabinet meeting as President of the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – George Washington is sworn in as the president of the United States in Philadelphia, for his second term.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – In the first and only instance of an incumbent United States president leading men into battle, George Washington arrives at Carlisle, Pennsylvania to guide the U.S. Army's suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion. The rebels soon disperse and the insurrection collapses by the end of the month.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#October–December", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1796, "year_label": "1796 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – U.S. President George Washington issues his Farewell Address, which warns against partisan politics and foreign entanglements. In addition, he sets a precedent by declining to run for a third term.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368676893#July–September", "title": "1796", "revid": 1368676893, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1799, "year_label": "1799 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – George Washington, first President of the United States, dies at Mount Vernon, Virginia, aged 67.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370057226#October–December", "title": "1799", "revid": 1370057226, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – The dedication of George Washington's sculpted head is held at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#July", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › July"}}]}