{"slug": "georgia-country", "label": "Georgia (country)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28country%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230", "qid": "Q230", "description": "country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia", "entries": 79, "years": 73, "span": [-233, 2025], "span_label": ["234 BCE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 29}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 27}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-iberia-antiquity", "label": "Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "lazica", "label": "Lazica", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "tbilisi", "label": "Tbilisi", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "principality-of-iberia", "label": "Principality of Iberia", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "principality-of-tao-klarjeti", "label": "Principality of Tao-Klarjeti", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "lazic-war", "label": "Lazic War", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "black-sea", "label": "Black Sea", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": -233, "year_label": "234 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Pharnavaz I of Iberia, King of Georgia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1218450136#Deaths", "title": "234 BC", "revid": 1218450136, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -89, "year_label": "90 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Pharnajom, king of Iberia (modern Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332493065#Deaths", "title": "90 BC", "revid": 1332493065, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -80, "year_label": "81 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Artaxias I (or Arshak), king of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367369494#Deaths", "title": "81 BC", "revid": 1367369494, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -35, "year_label": "36 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Publius Canidius Crassus invades Armenia and Iberia (Georgia); he forces Parnavaz II into an alliance against Zober, king of Albania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372976843#Roman_Republic", "title": "36 BC", "revid": 1372976843, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -29, "year_label": "30 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Pharnavaz II, king of Iberia (Artaxiad dynasty) (Georgia) (killed by Mirian II)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357307367#Deaths", "title": "30 BC", "revid": 1357307367, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -19, "year_label": "20 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mirian II (or Mirvan), king of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341406329#Deaths", "title": "20 BC", "revid": 1341406329, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 75, "year_label": "75 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Vespasian fortifies Armazi (Georgia) for the Iberian king Mithridates I. The Alans raid the Roman frontier in Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364745397#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 75", "revid": 1364745397, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 252, "year_label": "252 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Georgia submits peacefully to Shapur I, and becomes a vassal of the Sassanid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372042709#Persia", "title": "252", "revid": 1372042709, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 319, "year_label": "319 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Christianity is introduced in Colchis, present-day Georgia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372362353#Georgia", "title": "319", "revid": 1372362353, "section": "Events › By place › Georgia"}}, {"year": 326, "year_label": "326 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Christianity is introduced to the Kingdom of Iberia (modern-day Georgia) by Saint Nino (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366011464#Religion", "title": "326", "revid": 1366011464, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 369, "year_label": "369 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur II occupies the pro-Roman kingdom of Armenia. He besieges Artogerassa in modern Georgia, where Papas (Pap), son of King Arsaces II (Arshak II), defends the fortress and the royal treasure against Persian forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322977158#Persia", "title": "369", "revid": 1322977158, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 417, "year_label": "417 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Peter the Iberian, Georgian theologian and Saint (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367640866#Births", "title": "417", "revid": 1367640866, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 430, "year_label": "430 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Peter the Iberian founds a Georgian monastery near Bethlehem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370135052#Religion", "title": "430", "revid": 1370135052, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Vakhtang I, king of Iberia (modern Georgia) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Births", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 458, "year_label": "458 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The city of Tbilisi (Georgia) on the Kura River is founded by King Vakhtang I of Iberia. Its location gives it control of the trade routes between western and eastern Transcaucasia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748114#Exploration_and_Colonization", "title": "458", "revid": 1364748114, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration and Colonization"}}, {"year": 541, "year_label": "541 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lazic War: King Khosrau I intervenes in Lazica (modern Georgia), and supports the weakened king Gubazes II against a full-scale uprising. He sends an expeditionary force under Mermeroes and captures the Byzantine stronghold of Petra, located on the coast of the Black Sea, which provides the Persians a strategic port.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299131059#Persia", "title": "541", "revid": 1299131059, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Lazic War: The Byzantine army under Bessas combines forces with King Gubazes II, and defeats the Persians in Lazica (modern Georgia) in a surprise attack. The survivors retreat into Caucasian Iberia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Persia", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 550, "year_label": "550 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Justinian I appoints Bessas commander (magister militum) of Armenia, and entrusts him with the war in Lazica (Georgia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799644#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "550", "revid": 1340799644, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 550, "year_label": "550 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The churches of Lazica (Georgia) and Armenia split. While the Armenian Church remains independent, the Georgian church unites with the Byzantine Empire. This ecclesiastical union deepens political and cultural contact between the two states. As a sign of Lazica's status vis-à-vis Byzantium, Lazic princes are vested with honorific titles of the Byzantine court, including kouropalates, or \"minister of the imperial palace\" (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799644#Religion", "title": "550", "revid": 1340799644, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 555, "year_label": "555 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Lazic War: The Byzantine army under Bessas is repulsed, and forced to retreat out of Archaeopolis (Georgia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356951195#Persia", "title": "555", "revid": 1356951195, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 555, "year_label": "555 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September", "text": "September/October - Gubazes II, king of Lazica (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356951195#Deaths", "title": "555", "revid": 1356951195, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 556, "year_label": "556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lazic War: A Byzantine expeditionary force under Justin retakes Archaeopolis (modern Georgia), and routs the Persian army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739824#Persia", "title": "556", "revid": 1364739824, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 557, "year_label": "557 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Avars arrive in the northern region of the Caucasus, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. They send envoys to the Byzantines in Lazica (modern Georgia). Like the Huns, the Avars are the former elite of a central Asian federation, which has been forced to flee westwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800259#Europe", "title": "557", "revid": 1340800259, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 562, "year_label": "562 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Justinian I signs a peace treaty with the Sasanid Empire. The status quo ante is restored, with Lazica (modern Georgia) in Byzantine hands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749268#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "562", "revid": 1364749268, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 580, "year_label": "580 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bacurius III, king of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747518#Deaths", "title": "580", "revid": 1364747518, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 588, "year_label": "588 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Guaram I of Iberia, Georgian prince in exile, is sent by Emperor Maurice to the city of Mtskheta (Georgia). He restores the monarchy and is bestowed with the Byzantine court title of curopalates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753170#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "588", "revid": 1364753170, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 590, "year_label": "590 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Stephen I succeeds his father Guaram I as king of Iberia (Georgia) (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753220#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "590", "revid": 1364753220, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 590, "year_label": "590 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Guaram I, king of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753220#Deaths", "title": "590", "revid": 1364753220, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 591, "year_label": "591 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Khosrau II is reinstalled as king of the Persian Empire. Peace with Constantinople is concluded after a war of almost 20 years. Maurice receives the Persian provinces of Armenia and Georgia. The recognition of the traditional frontiers, and the cessation of subsidies for the Caucasus forts, leaves the Byzantines in a dominant position in their relations with Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751608#Persia", "title": "591", "revid": 1364751608, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 627, "year_label": "627 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Stephen I of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346712156#Deaths", "title": "627", "revid": 1346712156, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 628, "year_label": "628 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third Perso-Turkic War: The Western Göktürks under their leader Tong Yabghu Qaghan plunder Tbilisi (modern Georgia). The Persian defenders are executed or mutilated, Tong Yabghu appoints governors (tuduns) to manage various tribes under his overlordship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803502#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "628", "revid": 1340803502, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 662, "year_label": "662 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Maximus the Confessor, Byzantine monk and theologian, dies in exile in Lazica (modern Georgia), on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805159#Religion", "title": "662", "revid": 1340805159, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 727, "year_label": "727 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Khazar War: The Khazars drive back the Muslim invasion, led by Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, into Mesopotamia. Reinforced with Syrian troops, Maslama counterattacks and takes Georgia, establishing the northern frontier on the Caucasus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372352645#Asia", "title": "AD 727", "revid": 1372352645, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 853, "year_label": "853 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ishaq ibn Isma'il, emir of Tbilisi (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072185#Deaths", "title": "853", "revid": 1267072185, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bagrat I, prince of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Deaths", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 881, "year_label": "881 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "David I, prince of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129955#Deaths", "title": "881", "revid": 1341129955, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 914, "year_label": "914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sajid invasion of Georgia: A Muslim army under Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj campaigns in the Georgian principalities. He makes Tiflis his base for operations, and invades Kakheti. Yusuf proceeds to Kartli, where the fortifications of Uplistsikhe are demolished. He besieges and captures the fortress of Q'ueli, putting its defender Gobron to death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355643516#Arabian_Empire", "title": "914", "revid": 1355643516, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 923, "year_label": "923 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Adarnase IV, prince of Iberia/Kartli (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509659#Deaths", "title": "923", "revid": 1341509659, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 939, "year_label": "939 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ashot the Swift, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656722#Deaths", "title": "939", "revid": 1366656722, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 941, "year_label": "941 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gurgen II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512041#Deaths", "title": "941", "revid": 1341512041, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 943, "year_label": "943 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – David I, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916983#Deaths", "title": "943", "revid": 1364916983, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 954, "year_label": "954 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Ashot II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360671354#Deaths", "title": "954", "revid": 1360671354, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sumbat I, king of Iberia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Deaths", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 960, "year_label": "960 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Bagrat III, king of Abkhazia (Georgia) (d. 1014)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272128#Births", "title": "960", "revid": 1365272128, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 961, "year_label": "961 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Adarnase V, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512994#Deaths", "title": "961", "revid": 1341512994, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 966, "year_label": "966 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bagrat II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513206#Deaths", "title": "966", "revid": 1341513206, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 988, "year_label": "988 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bagrat II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364920019#Deaths", "title": "988", "revid": 1364920019, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 993, "year_label": "993 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "David II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350009737#Deaths", "title": "993", "revid": 1350009737, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 994, "year_label": "994 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bagrat II, king of Iberia-Kartli (Georgia) (b. 937)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350027284#Deaths", "title": "994", "revid": 1350027284, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1008, "year_label": "1008 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gurgen II (Magistros), king of Iberia-Kartli (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910052#Deaths", "title": "1008", "revid": 1341910052, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1014, "year_label": "1014 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Bagrat III, king of Abkhazia (Georgia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212610#Deaths", "title": "1014", "revid": 1342212610, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1022, "year_label": "1022 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Battle of Svindax: The Byzantine army under Emperor Basil II defeats the Georgians at Svindax (modern Turkey). King George I is forced to negotiate a peace treaty, ending the Byzantine–Georgian wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213197#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1022", "revid": 1342213197, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1027, "year_label": "1027 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – George I, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215196#Deaths", "title": "1027", "revid": 1342215196, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1027, "year_label": "1027 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Bagrat IV becomes king of Georgia on the death of his father, George I. Queen Dowager Mariam becomes regent for her 9-year-old son.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215196#Asia", "title": "1027", "revid": 1342215196, "section": "Events › By Place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bolnisi: Khwarazmian forces led by Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat a coalition of Georgians, Kipchaks, Alans, Vainakhs and Laks (some 40,000 men) at Bolnisi (modern Georgia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Asia", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake destroys two thirds of the cave city of Vardzia, Georgia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Europe", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1293, "year_label": "1293 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "David VI Narin, King of Georgia (b. 1225)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350578384#Deaths", "title": "1293", "revid": 1350578384, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1386, "year_label": "1386 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – The Mongol conqueror Timur, called \"Tamerlane\" in the west, captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V prisoner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359789728#October–December", "title": "1386", "revid": 1359789728, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1545, "year_label": "1545 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Sokhoista: The army of the Ottoman Empire defeats an alliance of Georgian dynasties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366653612#Undated", "title": "1545", "revid": 1366653612, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Qizilbash forces under the command of Tahmasp I raid and destroy the cave monastery of Vardzia in Georgia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#Date_unknown", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Easter – Persian Safavid hordes, led by Shah Abbas the Great, kill all the monks at the David Gareja monastery complex in Georgia, and set fire to its collection of manuscripts and works of art.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#Date_unknown", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – The Safavid Empire in Iran defeats an invasion from the Kingdom of Georgia in the Battle of Marabda with heavy losses on both sides, including the Georgian commander, Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani. when the Iranian Safavid army defeated a Georgian force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#July–September", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Battle of Martqopi: The Safavids are defeated in Georgia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#January–March", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Battle of Khresili: King Solomon I of Imereti defeats the Ottoman army and an allied faction of nobles, in what becomes western Georgia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#October–December", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – Battle of Aspindza: Georgian king Erekle II defeats the Ottoman forces, despite being abandoned by an ally, Russian General Totleben.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#April–June", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – The Treaty of Georgievsk is signed between Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, making Georgia a protectorate of Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#July–September", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1813, "year_label": "1813 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24–November 5 – Persia and Russia sign the Treaty of Gulistan at the end of the Russo-Persian War, by which Persia loses modern-day Georgia, Dagestan and most of Azerbaijan to Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357692833#October–December", "title": "1813", "revid": 1357692833, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Clashes between police and Georgian workers led by Joseph Stalin leave 15 dead, 54 wounded, and 500 in prison.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#March", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Tiflis bank robbery: Bolsheviks attack a cash-filled bank coach in the centre of Tiflis, Georgia, killing 40 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#June", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia declare their independence from Russia as the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#April", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian Republic (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) come together to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#December", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1924, "year_label": "1924 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – August Uprising: Georgia rises against rule by the Soviet Union in an abortive rebellion, in which several thousands die.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372136634#August", "title": "1924", "revid": 1372136634, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Tbilisi massacre: Georgian demonstrators are massacred by Soviet Army soldiers in Tbilisi's central square during a peaceful rally; 20 citizens are killed, many injured. This causes further protests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#April", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – A 7.0 earthquake in Racha, Georgia, kills 270 people and leaves 100,000 others homeless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#April", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Georgian troops attack Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, starting the 1991–92 South Ossetia War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#January", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Eduard Shevardnadze, the Georgian head of state, survives an assassination attempt in Tbilisi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#August", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – Georgia accuses three Russian helicopters of firing on the Kodori Gorge, then the only part of the break-away autonomous republic of Abkhazia still under Georgian control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#March", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Georgia intervenes against Russian-backed separatists in its South-Ossetia and Abkhazia regions, causing Russia to invade Georgia and spark the Russo-Georgian war, the first major European land war of the 21st century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#August", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025 is held in Tbilisi, Georgia. French contestant Lou Deleuze wins with the song \"Ce monde\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#December", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › December"}}]}