{"slug": "german-confederation", "label": "German Confederation", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Confederation", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151624", "qid": "Q151624", "description": "Confederation of States in Germany from 1815 to 1866", "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [1815, 1863], "span_label": ["1815 CE", "1863 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "belgium", "label": "Belgium", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "monarchy", "label": "Monarchy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prussia", "label": "Prussia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "austrian-empire", "label": "Austrian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "olomouc", "label": "Olomouc", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "luxembourg", "label": "Luxembourg", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "first-french-empire", "label": "First French Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna is signed: A new European political situation is set. The German Confederation and Congress Poland are created, and the neutrality of Switzerland is guaranteed. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the French Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587765#June", "title": "1815", "revid": 1365587765, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – The Carlsbad Decrees are issued throughout the German Confederation in response to the March assassination of August von Kotzebue, suppressing liberal and nationalist views.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#July–September", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom, with its independence and neutrality guaranteed by the great powers of Europe. Half of the Limburg province of Belgium is added to the Netherlands, giving rise to a Belgian Limburg and Dutch Limburg (the latter being joined (from September 5) to the German Confederation).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#April–June", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – August Borsig's steam locomotive, the first built in Germany, competes against a Stephenson-built locomotive on the Berlin–Jüterbog railroad; the Borsig locomotive wins by 10 minutes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#July–September", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – The treaty known as the Punctation of Olmütz is signed in Olomouc. It means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to the Austrian Empire, which takes over the leadership of the German Confederation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#October–December", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – King Christian IX of Denmark signs the November Constitution, which declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark, regarded by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol of 1852, leading to the German–Danish war of 1864.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#November", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › November"}}]}