{"slug": "german-empire", "label": "German Empire", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43287", "qid": "Q43287", "description": "German nation-state in Central Europe from 1871 to 1918", "entries": 34, "years": 21, "span": [1871, 1918], "span_label": ["1871 CE", "1918 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 11}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 5}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-ireland", "label": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "russian-empire", "label": "Russian Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "french-third-republic", "label": "French Third Republic", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy", "label": "Kingdom of Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "austria-hungary", "label": "Austria-Hungary", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "december", "label": "December", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "manchuria", "label": "Manchuria", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – 1871 French legislative election elects the first legislature of the French Third Republic; monarchists (Legitimists and Orleanists) favourable to peace with the German Empire gain a large majority. The National Assembly meets in Bordeaux.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#January–March", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the south German states unite into a single nation state, known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#January–March", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – The Society of Jesus is pronounced illegal in the German Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#July", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1873, "year_label": "1873 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The League of the Three Emperors is created. It links the conservative monarchs of Austria-Hungary, the German Empire and the Russian Empire in an alliance against radical movements.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370305657#Date_unknown", "title": "1873", "revid": 1370305657, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – The Dual Alliance is formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365404244#October", "title": "1879", "revid": 1365404244, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1880, "year_label": "1880 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – German company Munich Re is founded in Munich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371273111#October", "title": "1880", "revid": 1371273111, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1884, "year_label": "1884 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – Germany takes possession of Togoland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364372487#July", "title": "1884", "revid": 1364372487, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – A law establishing the Kiel Canal is adopted in the German Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679431#March", "title": "1886", "revid": 1372679431, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1888, "year_label": "1888 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – The German Empire annexes the island of Nauru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679419#April", "title": "1888", "revid": 1372679419, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Germany takes formal possession of its new African territories.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#January", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 - The Hamburg dockworkers' strike of 1896-97 is considered one of the largest labour disputes in the German Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#November", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – The U.S. Senate accepts the British-German Treaty of 1899, in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the American Samoa portion of the Samoan Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373317536#January", "title": "1900", "revid": 1373317536, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – The new German cruise liner SS Deutschland breaks the record for the Blue Riband on her maiden transatlantic voyage with an average speed of 22.4 kn km/h.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373317536#July", "title": "1900", "revid": 1373317536, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – The first zeppelin airship flight, by Zeppelin LZ 1, is carried out over Lake Constance, near Friedrichshafen, Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373317536#July", "title": "1900", "revid": 1373317536, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – The United Kingdom and Germany agree on the frontier between German East Africa and Nyasaland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#February", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – The United Kingdom, Germany and Japan protest the Sino-Russian agreement on Manchuria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#March", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Auguste Deter is first examined by German psychiatrist Dr. Alois Alzheimer, leading to a diagnosis of the condition that will carry Alzheimer's name.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#November", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December", "text": "December–February 1903 – Venezuelan crisis: Britain, Germany and Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela, in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#December", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1903, "year_label": "1903 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – The Ottoman Empire and the German Empire sign an agreement to build the Constantinople–Baghdad Railway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373319317#March", "title": "1903", "revid": 1373319317, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16–April 7 – The Algeciras Conference convenes, to resolve the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#January–February", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – An agreement by Germany, Italy and Switzerland gives the Germans and Italians access to the Gotthard Rail Tunnel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#September–October", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – DELAG Zeppelin dirigible Deutschland makes the first commercial passenger flight, from Friedrichshafen to Düsseldorf in Germany; the flight takes 9 hours.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373495790#June", "title": "1910", "revid": 1373495790, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilisation in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilisation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#August", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – A secret treaty between the Ottoman Empire and German Empires secures Ottoman neutrality.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#August", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – World War I: German invasion of Belgium – At 08:02 (local time) Imperial German Army troops enter Belgium, bringing the July Crisis to a climax. At 23:00 (GMT) the British entry into World War I takes place when King George V in London declares war on Germany for this violation of Belgian neutrality (protected by the Treaty of London (1839)) and especially to defend France. This means a declaration of war by the whole British Empire against the German Empire. The United States declares neutrality.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#August", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – The Manifesto of the Ninety-Three is signed by prominent academics supporting the early German war effort.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#October", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – WWI: Battle of Bolimów – Germany's first large-scale use of poison gas as a weapon occurs, when 18,000 artillery shells containing liquid xylyl bromide tear gas are fired on the Imperial Russian Army, on the Rawka River west of Warsaw; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#January", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German and French forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the Battle of Aubers Ridge.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#May", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad, for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#October", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – WWI: Atlantic U-boat Campaign: Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the Sussex Pledge'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#February", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "The ANZAC Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) successfully fights the Battle of Ayun Kara, in the aftermath of the Battle of Mughar Ridge against strong German rearguards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#November", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Soviet Russia, Sweden, Germany and France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#January", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21–July 18 – WWI: The Spring Offensive by the German Army along the Western Front fails to make a breakthrough, despite large losses on each side, including nearly 20,000 British Army dead on the first day, Operation Michael, on the Somme.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#March", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – German Revolution: Kiel mutiny by sailors in the German fleet at Kiel while throughout northern Germany soldiers and workers begin to establish revolutionary councils on the Russian soviet model.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#November", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › November"}}]}