{"slug": "ghaznavids", "label": "Ghaznavids", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavids", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12844800", "qid": "Q12844800", "description": "a Medieval Muslim Turkic dynasty ruling at eastern Iran and northern India (977–1196)", "entries": 20, "years": 18, "span": [942, 1148], "span_label": ["942 CE", "1148 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Births", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mahmud-of-ghazni", "label": "Mahmud of Ghazni", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "samanid-empire", "label": "Samanid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kabul", "label": "Kabul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "indus-river", "label": "Indus River", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lahore", "label": "Lahore", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "uzbekistan", "label": "Uzbekistan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "transoxiana", "label": "Transoxiana", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seljuq-dynasty", "label": "Seljuq dynasty", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 942, "year_label": "942 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Sabuktigin, emir of Ghazna (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918673#Births", "title": "942", "revid": 1364918673, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 971, "year_label": "971 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Mahmud of Ghazni, emir of the Ghaznavid Empire (d. 1030)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918921#Births", "title": "971", "revid": 1364918921, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 977, "year_label": "977 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Sabuktigin, a Samanid general, succeeds his father-in-law Alp-Tegin as governor of Ghazna (modern Afghanistan). He enlarges his dominions and founds the Ghaznavid Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908323#Arabian_Empire", "title": "977", "revid": 1341908323, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 986, "year_label": "986 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Sabuktigin, emir of the Ghaznavid Dynasty, invades India. He expands the emirate between the Kabul Valley and the Indus River after defeating King Jayapala.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272436#Arabian_Empire", "title": "986", "revid": 1365272436, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 998, "year_label": "998 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Ghazni: The Afghan prince Mahmud defeats his younger brother Ismail (the ruling emir of the Ghaznavid Dynasty) in battle. He places Ismail in comfortable captivity for the rest of his life and expands the realm of his late father, Sebuktigin, into the Punjab in northwestern India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593041#Persia", "title": "998", "revid": 1365593041, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 998, "year_label": "998 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Masʽud I, sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (d. 1040)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593041#Births", "title": "998", "revid": 1365593041, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 999, "year_label": "999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Karakhanids invade from north of the Syr Darya river, ending the Samanid Empire (modern Uzbekistan). The Samanid domains are split between the Ghaznavid Dynasty and the Karakhanids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468443#Asia", "title": "AD 999", "revid": 1364468443, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into northern India, establishing the Ghaznavid Empire across most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Pakistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Asia", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Battle of Peshawar: Jayapala suffers defeat from the Ghaznavid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Asia", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Khalaf ibn Ahmad, Saffarid emir of Sistan (modern Iran), is deposed and surrenders to the Ghaznavid dynasty after a 39-year reign (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Persia", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 1021, "year_label": "1021 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni appoints Malik Ayaz to the throne, making Lahore (modern Pakistan) the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212958#Asia", "title": "1021", "revid": 1342212958, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ghaznavid Empire occupies Transoxiana (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#Asia", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1029, "year_label": "1029 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March", "text": "March/April: The Ghaznavid Sultan Maḥmūd brutally sacks the city of Rayy after receiving a request for help by its Buyyid ruler Majd al-Dawla against his rebellious troops. He crucifies a large number of the local population and burns many books that he considers heretical.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363085319#Asia", "title": "1029", "revid": 1363085319, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Mas'ud I, who seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran, and India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Asia", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1040, "year_label": "1040 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Battle of Dandanaqan: The Turkmen Seljuqs defeat the Ghaznavid forces (50,000 men) led by Sultan Masʽud I at Dandanaqan, a fortress city in the desert near Merv. Ghaznavid commanders Ali Daya and Begtoghdi are blamed for the defeat and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593173#Islamic_world", "title": "1040", "revid": 1365593173, "section": "Events › By place › Islamic world"}}, {"year": 1041, "year_label": "1041 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad of Ghazni, sultan of the Ghaznavids (b. 998)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365267586#Deaths", "title": "1041", "revid": 1365267586, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1084, "year_label": "1084 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Bahram-Shah, ruler of the Ghaznavids (d. 1157)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072083#Births", "title": "1084", "revid": 1267072083, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Ghazni: Seljuk forces under Ahmad Sanjar (supporting the claim of Bahram-Shah) invade Afghanistan and defeat the ruling Sultan Arslan-Shah. Bahram succeeds his brother as ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1118, "year_label": "1118 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Bahram Shah becomes Ghaznavid Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269195#Western_Asia", "title": "1118", "revid": 1365269195, "section": "Events › By place › Western Asia"}}, {"year": 1148, "year_label": "1148 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Ghazni: Ghurid forces under Sayf al-Din Suri defeat the Ghaznavid sultan Bahram-Shah and capture the capital Ghazni. Bahram-Shah is forced to flee to India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156256#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1148", "revid": 1362156256, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}]}