{"slug": "golden-horn", "label": "Golden Horn", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horn", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179839", "qid": "Q179839", "description": "urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [515, 1236], "span_label": ["515 CE", "1236 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "simeon-i-of-bulgaria", "label": "Simeon I of Bulgaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "first-bulgarian-empire", "label": "First Bulgarian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sea-of-marmara", "label": "Sea of Marmara", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "walls-of-constantinople", "label": "Walls of Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "black-sea", "label": "Black Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "romanos-i-lekapenos", "label": "Romanos I Lekapenos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-pisa", "label": "Republic of Pisa", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 515, "year_label": "515 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Revolt of Vitalian: Byzantine general (magister militum) Vitalian mobilises his army, and marches again towards Constantinople. He captures the suburb of Sycae (modern Turkey) across the Golden Horn, and encamps there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754462#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "515", "revid": 1364754462, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – In the waters of the Golden Horn, the Persian fleet is destroyed while ferrying reinforcements. The Avars, having suffered terrible losses, running short of food and supplies, burn their siege engines. They abandon the siege and retreat to the Balkan Peninsula. The Byzantines achieve a decisive victory at Blachernae, under the protection of the Church of the Virgin Mary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 913, "year_label": "913 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Simeon I (the Great), ruler (knyaz) of the Bulgarian Empire, launches a campaign at the head of a large Bulgarian army, and reaches Constantinople unopposed. The Bulgarians besiege the Byzantine capital and construct ditches from the Golden Horn to the Golden Gate at the Marmara Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070619#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "913", "revid": 1267070619, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 921, "year_label": "921 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Battle of Pegae: Bulgarian forces under kavhan (first minister) Theodore Sigritsa defeat the Byzantine army at the outskirts of Constantinople. After the battle, the Bulgarians burn the palaces in Pegae (\"the Spring\"), and devastate the area north of the Golden Horn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509617#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "921", "revid": 1341509617, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 924, "year_label": "924 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – After pillaging the suburbs of Constantinople, Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria meets with the Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos on the Golden Horn to arrange a truce, according to which Byzantium will pay the Bulgarians an annual tribute in exchangefor the return of some cities on the Black Sea coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360748864#July—September", "title": "924", "revid": 1360748864, "section": "Events › July—September"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – The German crusaders under Conrad III reach Constantinople, where there is a frosty exchange of letters between Conrad and Manuel I. The German forces make camp at Galata on the northern shore of the Golden Horn. Manuel orders that a full-scale effort must be made to transport the Germans, who are causing troubles by sacking the Philopatium, across the Bosporus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – The Crusader fleet disembarks their horse transports, and barrels down upon the Byzantine defenders in a full cavalry charge. The Byzantines flee after brief combat, and retreat to the Tower of Galata, where they fortify themselves. After a bitter struggle, the Crusaders capture the tower and break the floating chain, and allow their fleet to enter the Golden Horn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Fourth_Crusade", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Fourth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A fleet consisting of ships from the republics of Venice, Genoa and Pisa arrive at Constantinople. It is headed by Geoffrey II of Villehardouin, ruler of Achaea, who brings 100 of his own knights, 300 cross-bowman, and 500 archers. Geoffrey, formally a vassal of Emperor John I of Constantinople, breaks the blockade of the city, sinks 15 Byzantine ships and enters the Golden Horn. A treaty is signed for two years after the intervention of Angelo Sanudo, duke of Archipelago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}