{"slug": "goths", "label": "Goths", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goths", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42193", "qid": "Q42193", "description": "East Germanic ethnolinguistic group", "entries": 80, "years": 78, "span": [180, 654], "span_label": ["180 CE", "654 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 51}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 9}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 15}, {"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "moesia", "label": "Moesia", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "huns", "label": "Huns", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "vandals", "label": "Vandals", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "alans", "label": "Alans", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "burgundians", "label": "Burgundians", "shared": 4}], "items": [{"year": 180, "year_label": "180 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Goths reach the banks of the Black Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305659#Europe", "title": "AD 180", "revid": 1371305659, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 220, "year_label": "220 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths invade Asia Minor and the Balkans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227417#Roman_Empire", "title": "220", "revid": 1371227417, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 238, "year_label": "238 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maximinus Thrax campaigns against the Carpians on the Danube in Moesia (Balkans). In spite of the payment of a tribute, the Romans fail to persuade the Goths and the Germanic tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227244#Roman_Empire", "title": "238", "revid": 1371227244, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 242, "year_label": "242 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gordian III evacuates the Cimmerian cities in the Bosphorus (Crimea), as the territory is now controlled by the Goths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371192139#Roman_Empire", "title": "242", "revid": 1371192139, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 247, "year_label": "247 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths appear on the lower Danube frontier; they invade Ukraine and Romania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188649#Roman_Empire", "title": "247", "revid": 1371188649, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 250, "year_label": "250 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths under King Cniva invade Moesia. They cross the Danube and lay siege to Novae and Marcianopolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187135#Roman_Empire", "title": "250", "revid": 1371187135, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 251, "year_label": "251 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Battle of Abritus: The Goths defeat Emperor Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus, on swampy ground in the Dobruja (Moesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188077#Roman_Empire", "title": "251", "revid": 1371188077, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 253, "year_label": "253 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The legions who have campaigned against the Goths on the Danube elect Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus as new emperor. He advances on Rome along the Flaminian Way, to meet his opponent emperor Trebonianus Gallus and his son Volusianus. For the most part, generals in the border regions are proclaimed emperor by their armies to halt the invasion of Germanic tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188254#Roman_Empire", "title": "253", "revid": 1371188254, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 256, "year_label": "256 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths invade Asia Minor. Dacia is lost for the Roman Empire, and the Goths appear at the walls of Thessalonica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188385#Roman_Empire", "title": "256", "revid": 1371188385, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 257, "year_label": "257 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Future emperor Aurelian defeats the Goths and brings many prisoners back to Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187339#Roman_Empire", "title": "257", "revid": 1371187339, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 257, "year_label": "257 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Goths build a fleet on the Black Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187339#Roman_Empire", "title": "257", "revid": 1371187339, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 258, "year_label": "258 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths ravage Asia Minor and Trapezus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368343947#Roman_Empire", "title": "258", "revid": 1368343947, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 262, "year_label": "262 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths invade Asia Minor and destroy the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325890529#Roman_Empire", "title": "262", "revid": 1325890529, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 265, "year_label": "265 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gallienus repels the invasion of the Goths in the Balkans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369159579#Roman_Empire", "title": "265", "revid": 1369159579, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 267, "year_label": "267 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Gothic invasion: The Goths, originally from Scandinavia, with the Sarmatians (from modern Iran), invade the Balkans and Greece. They ravage Moesia and Thrace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367427906#Roman_Empire", "title": "267", "revid": 1367427906, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 268, "year_label": "268 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – Battle of Naissus: Emperor Gallienus, aided by Aurelian, defeats a Gothic coalition (50,000 warriors) near Naissus (Niš, modern Serbia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325890231#Roman_Empire", "title": "268", "revid": 1325890231, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 269, "year_label": "269 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Second Gothic invasion: The Goths and other German tribes attack Bosphorean towns on the coast of the Black Sea. Some 2,000 ships and 320,000 men from the Danube enter Roman territory. Emperor Claudius II defeats the invaders and receives the title Gothicus for his triumph. Many of the prisoners will serve in the Roman legions and settle in vacant lands in the Danubian provinces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227782#Roman_Empire", "title": "269", "revid": 1371227782, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 275, "year_label": "275 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths begin to raid Thrace and Asia Minor. Aurelian begins a campaign against the Goths in Thrace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1308801318#Roman_Empire", "title": "275", "revid": 1308801318, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 276, "year_label": "276 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tacitus campaigns successfully against the Goths who have invaded Asia Minor, and his half-brother, the praetorian prefect Marcus Annius Florianus, continues the campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267074469#Roman_Empire", "title": "276", "revid": 1267074469, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 277, "year_label": "277 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Probus travels with his army west across the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), and through the provinces of Thrace, Moesia, and Pannonia to defeat the Goths along the lower Danube. He acquires from the troops the title of Gothicus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077895#Roman_Empire", "title": "277", "revid": 1267077895, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 291, "year_label": "291 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A force of Goths defeat the Burgundians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1270957689#Northern_Europe", "title": "291", "revid": 1270957689, "section": "Events › By place › Northern Europe"}}, {"year": 297, "year_label": "297 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Diocletian watches over the Syrian provinces while Caesar Galerius makes preparations for a campaign against the Persian king Narseh. He recruits veterans from Illyria and Moesia, recruits new soldiers, and strengthens his army with Gothic mercenaries and the Armenian units of Tiridates III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349992933#Roman_Empire", "title": "297", "revid": 1349992933, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 315, "year_label": "315 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius battle the Sarmates, the Goths and the Carpians along the Danube. Constantine leads a punitive expedition into Dacia and reestablishes the Roman fortifications of the frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160516#Roman_Empire", "title": "315", "revid": 1330160516, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 317, "year_label": "317 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Emperor Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius elevate their sons Crispus, Constantine II and Licinius II to Caesars. After this arrangement Constantine rules the dioceses Pannonia and Macedonia, and establishes his residence at Sirmium, from where he prepares a campaign against the Goths and Sarmatians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330159511#Roman_Empire", "title": "317", "revid": 1330159511, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 321, "year_label": "321 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constantine I expels the Goths from the Danube frontier and repairs Trajan's Bridge. He leads an expedition into the old province Dacia (modern Romania) and makes peace with the barbarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598330#Roman_Empire", "title": "321", "revid": 1360598330, "section": "Events › By topic › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 323, "year_label": "323 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constantine the Great defeats the invading Goths and Sarmatians north of the Danube in Dacia, and claims the title of Sarmaticus Maximus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336366222#Roman_Empire", "title": "323", "revid": 1336366222, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 325, "year_label": "325 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "German and Sarmatian campaigns of Constantine: Emperor Constantine I personally assures the security of the Danube frontier by defeating the Goths, the Vandals and the Sarmatians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291934511#Roman_Empire", "title": "325", "revid": 1291934511, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 330, "year_label": "330 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "The Goths devastate the city of Tanais, in the Don River Delta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368804630#Roman_Empire", "title": "330", "revid": 1368804630, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 332, "year_label": "332 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constantine I and his son Constantine II, aged 16, defeat the Goths in Moesia. The Goths become Roman allies and protect the Danube frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332406433#Roman_Empire", "title": "332", "revid": 1332406433, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 334, "year_label": "334 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths protect the Danube frontier against an invasion by the Vandals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641884#Roman_Empire", "title": "334", "revid": 1367641884, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 338, "year_label": "338 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans, allied with the Goths, arrive in the north of the Roman Empire to protect the Danube frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075323#Roman_Empire", "title": "338", "revid": 1267075323, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 340, "year_label": "340 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Wulfila evangelizes among the Goths for 7 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281359942#Religion", "title": "340", "revid": 1281359942, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 369, "year_label": "369 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Wulfila creates a Gothic alphabet composed of letters based on Greek and Roman letters, as well as some Germanic runes. He converts the Goths to Arian Christianity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322977158#Art_and_Science", "title": "369", "revid": 1322977158, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Science"}}, {"year": 372, "year_label": "372 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Huns attack the Tervingi on the Dniester, overwhelming them with light cavalry (horse archers), and devastating the settlements of the Goths. King Athanaric is defeated and seeks refuge in Caucaland in the Carpathian Mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332743719#Europe", "title": "372", "revid": 1332743719, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 376, "year_label": "376 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Greuthungi, led by Alatheus and Saphrax, displaced by the predations of the Huns and Alans, request asylum within the Roman Empire. They are refused. The Roman frontier forces stretched to the breaking point, they slip across the Danube and unite with Fritigern. With their situation critical and desperately short of food, discontent is rising amongst the Goths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204893#Roman_Empire", "title": "376", "revid": 1349204893, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 377, "year_label": "377 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Famine in Lower Moesia (occupied by the Goths) takes a fearsome toll. Fritigern and his followers appeal for help, but the governors Lupicinus and Maximus regard them as second-class citizens. Little help is forthcoming, and thousands starve to death. The pressure on the Roman frontier is still severe, with the Taifali and other hostile bands of Goths on the Danube. In addition, groups of Huns and Alans have also moved up to the river.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313593#Roman_Empire", "title": "377", "revid": 1367313593, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 378, "year_label": "378 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Valens sends Sebastian with a body of picked troops (2,000 men) to Thrace and renews the guerrilla war against the Goths. He chases down small groups of Gothic raiders around Adrianople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309998773#Roman_Empire", "title": "378", "revid": 1309998773, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 380, "year_label": "380 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Thessalonica: The Goths under Fritigern defeat a Roman army in Macedonia. Theodosius I retreats to Thessalonica and leaves Gratian in control of the Western Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281452530#Roman_Empire", "title": "380", "revid": 1281452530, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 381, "year_label": "381 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Visigothic chieftain Athanaric becomes the first foreign king to visit the Eastern Roman capital of Constantinople. He negotiates a peace treaty with emperor Theodosius I that makes his people foederati as \"one body within the imperial soldiery\". Athanaric dies 2 weeks later after an 18-year reign in which he has been undisputed king of all the Goths for just 1 year. The peace will continue until Theodosius's death in 395.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281451732#Europe", "title": "381", "revid": 1281451732, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 388, "year_label": "388 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Save: Emperor Theodosius I defeats Magnus Maximus near Emona (modern Slovenia). Theodosius is in command of an army including Goths, Huns and Alans. Valentinian II, now 17, is restored as Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321355496#Roman_Empire", "title": "388", "revid": 1321355496, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 390, "year_label": "390 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths and Huns, led by Alaric, invade Thrace. Stilicho, high-ranking general (magister militum) of Vandal origin, raises an army and begins a campaign against the Goths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355430318#Roman_Empire", "title": "390", "revid": 1355430318, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 394, "year_label": "394 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Late Roman army: The Notitia Dignitatum shows the development of forces in the Roman Empire. By now 200,000 soldiers guard the borders, and a reserve force of 50,000 is available for deployment. Many non-Roman soldiers are from Germanic tribes: Alamanni, Franks, Goths, Saxons and Vandals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369162073#Roman_Empire", "title": "394", "revid": 1369162073, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 395, "year_label": "395 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths, led by Alaric, invade and devastate Thrace and Macedonia and impose a tribute on Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334185587#Roman_Empire", "title": "395", "revid": 1334185587, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 396, "year_label": "396 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Revolt of Alaric I: The Visigoths, led by Alaric I, rampage through Greece and plunder Corinth, Argos and Sparta. They destroy the Temple of Eleusis, and harry the Peloponnese. Stilicho makes peace with the Goths, and allows them to settle in Epirus (Balkans).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276670607#Roman_Empire", "title": "396", "revid": 1276670607, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 399, "year_label": "399 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Gainas, a Gothic leader, is made magister militum and forms an alliance with deserters of Tribigild along the Bosphorus. He proclaims himself co-regent (usurper), and installs his forces in Constantinople. Gainas deposes anti-Gothic officials and has Eutropius, imperial advisor (cubicularius), executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364933714#Roman_Empire", "title": "399", "revid": 1364933714, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 400, "year_label": "400 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A riot breaks out in Constantinople; the Great Palace is burned to the ground. Gainas, a Gothic leader, attempts to evacuate his soldiers out of the city, but 7,000 armed Goths are trapped and killed by order of Arcadius. After the massacre, Gainas tries to escape across the Hellespont, but his rag-tag ad hoc fleet is destroyed by Fravitta, a Gothic chieftain in imperial service.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347571639#Roman_Empire", "title": "400", "revid": 1347571639, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 400, "year_label": "400 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gainas, Gothic chieftain and general (magister militum)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347571639#Deaths", "title": "400", "revid": 1347571639, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 401, "year_label": "401 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Arcadius sends many gifts to the Hunnic chieftain Uldin, in appreciation of his victory over the Goths and Gainas. Arcadius then allies himself with the Huns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334186664#Roman_Empire", "title": "401", "revid": 1334186664, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 402, "year_label": "402 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Battle of Pollentia: Stilicho recalls troops from Britain and the Rhine frontier to defend Italy. He decides to attack the Goths on Easter Sunday, and manages to capture Alaric's wife and children.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326555519#Roman_Empire", "title": "402", "revid": 1326555519, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 403, "year_label": "403 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Battle of Verona: The Visigoths, under command of King Alaric I, invade Italy again, and advance through the Brenner Pass. Stilicho, with an army of 30,000 men, defeats the Goths north of Verona. Alaric makes a truce, and withdraws eastward to Illyricum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641291#Roman_Empire", "title": "403", "revid": 1367641291, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 405, "year_label": "405 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War of Radagaisus: King Radagaisus leads an invasion with a force of 20,000 men and crosses the Alps. He spends the winter in the Po Valley and is observed by Stilicho, who lacks sufficient strength to prepare an offensive against the invading German tribes. The exact numbers of the migration are unknown, probably nearly 100,000, including Alans, Burgundians, Goths, Vandals, and other smaller tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367640804#Roman_Empire", "title": "405", "revid": 1367640804, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 406, "year_label": "406 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – Radagaisus, Gothic king", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305888876#Deaths", "title": "406", "revid": 1305888876, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 411, "year_label": "411 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Ataulf leads the Goths into Gaul at the instigation of Honorius, who promises to recognise a Visigothic Kingdom if he defeats the several usurpers who threaten the Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645014#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 411", "revid": 1367645014, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 414, "year_label": "414 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Galla Placidia, half-sister of emperor Honorius, is married to the Visigothic king Ataulf at Narbonne. The wedding is celebrated with Roman festivities and magnificent gifts from the Gothic booty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865369#Roman_Empire", "title": "414", "revid": 1346865369, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Vandal fleet and their allies (Alans, Goths and Moors) set out from Carthage for Sicily, the principal supplier of oil and grain to Italy after the loss of North Africa. They loot all the coastal towns and besiege Palermo. Heavily laden ships return to the court of King Genseric.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Africa", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 453, "year_label": "453 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. March – Attila the Hun is found dead in bed, after a wedding feast with the Goth princess Ildico. He dies of a nosebleed at his Hungarian stronghold, drowning in his own blood, aged about 47. The Huns celebrate a strava (lamentation) over his burial place with great feasting. Attila's son Ellac is appointed successor, but his brothers Dengizich and Ernakh divide the Hunnic Empire by establishing their own kingdoms north of the Black Sea (Ukraine), supported by vassal states.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348812409#Europe", "title": "453", "revid": 1348812409, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 455, "year_label": "455 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army. He restores the imperial authority in Noricum (modern Austria) and leaves a Gothic force under Remistus, Visigoth general (magister militum), at Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739434#Roman_Empire", "title": "455", "revid": 1364739434, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 456, "year_label": "456 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – The Visigoths under King Theodoric II, acting on orders of Avitus, invade Spain with an army of Burgundians, Franks and Goths, led by their kings Chilperic I and Gondioc. They defeat the Suebi under King Rechiar on the Urbicus River, near Astorga (Gallaecia); this shatters the power of the Suebi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752999#Roman_Empire", "title": "456", "revid": 1364752999, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 464, "year_label": "464 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Theodoric II sends Remismund gifts (for recognizing his kingship), including weapons, and a Gothic princess for a wife.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288493894#Europe", "title": "464", "revid": 1288493894, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 471, "year_label": "471 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths, led by Theodoric Strabo, revolt in Thrace after the assassination of Aspar. Leo I sends Basiliscus to suppress the uprising.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365043260#Europe", "title": "471", "revid": 1365043260, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 473, "year_label": "473 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Theodoric Strabo signs a peace treaty with Leo I, and according to the terms the Goths are paid with an annual tribute of 2,000 pounds of gold. Leo gives him an independent state in Thrace and he obtains the rank of magister militum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747615#Balkans", "title": "473", "revid": 1364747615, "section": "Events › By place › Balkans"}}, {"year": 476, "year_label": "476 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Odoacer crosses the Maritime Alps with a Gothic army and invades Provence (Southern Gaul). He conquers the cities of Arles and Marseille, after a victorious battle against the Burgundians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355222972#Roman_Empire", "title": "476", "revid": 1355222972, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 500, "year_label": "500 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Thrasamund, king of the Vandals, marries Amalafrida (widowed sister of Theodoric the Great). She brings with her a large dowry and an elite Gothic force of 5,000 soldiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361340160#Africa", "title": "AD 500", "revid": 1361340160, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 502, "year_label": "502 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric the Great, clears Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748175#Religion", "title": "AD 502", "revid": 1364748175, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 529, "year_label": "529 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Queen Amalasuntha receives a delegation sent by a council of Gothic nobles urging that she have her son Athalaric, now 13, taught an education in the Roman tradition—not by elderly schoolmasters, but by men who will teach him to \"ride, fence, and to be toughened, not to be turned into a bookworm\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351343002#Europe", "title": "529", "revid": 1351343002, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 536, "year_label": "536 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Ostrogothic King Theodahad cedes Provence and upper Alamannia to the Franks, gaining their support in the war. He sends a large Gothic army into Dalmatia. They defeat the Byzantines, Mundus is killed during the fighting at Salona, and the Byzantine army withdraws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362906459#Europe", "title": "536", "revid": 1362906459, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 538, "year_label": "538 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Belisarius attacks the Goths when they have crossed the Milvian Bridge. After fierce resistance, Vitiges routs in panic, and many are slain or drowned in the river.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351200776#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "538", "revid": 1351200776, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 539, "year_label": "539 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Gothic War: The Goths and the Burgundians recapture Mediolanum (modern Milan), after many months of siege, the city reaching the point of starvation. The Byzantine garrison (1,000 men) surrenders and is spared, but the inhabitants are massacred (according to Procopius 300,000 people are murdered), and the city itself is destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754969#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "539", "revid": 1364754969, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 540, "year_label": "540 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Gothic War: Belisarius conquers Mediolanum (modern-day Milan) and the Gothic capital Ravenna. Vitiges and his wife Matasuntha are taken as captives to Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291057#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "540", "revid": 1367291057, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 541, "year_label": "541 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Siege of Verona: Totila defends the city of Verona against a numerically superior Byzantine army. He gains control over the Po Valley and prepares a Gothic offensive in Central Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299131059#Europe", "title": "541", "revid": 1299131059, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 544, "year_label": "544 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Belisarius defeats the Gothic army under King Totila, who unsuccessfully besieges the city of Otranto (southern Italy). After their retreat, the Byzantines march towards the city of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317382475#The_Mediterranean_World,_Europe,_and_the_Middle_East", "title": "544", "revid": 1317382475, "section": "Events › By place › The Mediterranean World, Europe, and the Middle East"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Totila conquers the city of Perugia (Central Italy) and stations a Gothic garrison. He takes bishop Herculanus prisoner, and orders him to be completely flayed. The Ostrogoth soldier asked to perform this gruesome execution shows pity, and decapitates Herculanus before the skin on every part of his body is removed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 550, "year_label": "550 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Totila plunders Sicily, after he subdues Corsica and Sardinia. He sends a Gothic fleet to raid the coasts of Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799644#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "550", "revid": 1340799644, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 551, "year_label": "551 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Narses arrives in Venetia and discovers that a powerful Gothic-Frank army (50,000 men), under joint command of the kings Totila and Theudebald, has blocked the principal route to the Po Valley. Not wishing to engage such a formidable force and confident that the Franks would avoid a direct confrontation, Narses skirts the lagoons along the Adriatic shore, by using vessels to leapfrog his army from point to point along the coast. In this way he arrives at the capital Ravenna without encountering any opposition. He attacks and crushes a small Gothic force at Ariminum (modern Rimini).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362066549#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "551", "revid": 1362066549, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 553, "year_label": "553 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Ostrogothic Kingdom ends after 60 years of rule in Italy. The Goths are allowed to return to their homes in peace and (re)settle in modern-day Austria. Some 7,000 people retreat to Campsas (Southern Gaul), and resist with minimal help from the Franks against the Byzantines until 554.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072897#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "553", "revid": 1267072897, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 575, "year_label": "575 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths under King Liuvigild invade the Suebian Kingdom (Northern Spain). Intermarriage between Goths and non-Goths is allowed in the Visigothic Kingdom (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658531#Europe", "title": "575", "revid": 1367658531, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 633, "year_label": "633 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – Fourth Council of Toledo: King Sisenand orders a meeting in the church of St. Leocadia; the bishops accept a decree that all Visigoths must take an oath to preserve the stability of the Gothic nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351044118#Religion", "title": "633", "revid": 1351044118, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 636, "year_label": "636 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – Fifth Council of Toledo: Chintila orders a meeting in the church of St. Leocadia; the bishops accept a decree that only Gothic nobility (with military functions) may be king of the Visigothic Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068315#Religion", "title": "636", "revid": 1267068315, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 642, "year_label": "642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Chindasuinth, a Gothic warlord (already 79 years old), commences a rebellion and deposes King Tulga in Toledo, Spain. He is proclaimed king by the Visigothic nobility and anointed by the bishops. Tulga is tonsured and sent out to live his days in a monastery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367634849#Europe", "title": "642", "revid": 1367634849, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 654, "year_label": "654 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Recceswinth draws up the Liber Judiciorum at Toledo, a Visigothic code based on Roman law, that establishes equality between Goths and Hispano-Romans without regard to racial or cultural differences.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362652029#Europe", "title": "654", "revid": 1362652029, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}