{"slug": "gratian", "label": "Gratian", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratian", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189108", "qid": "Q189108", "description": "Roman emperor from 367 to 383", "entries": 14, "years": 12, "span": [359, 384], "span_label": ["359 CE", "384 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "valentinian-ii", "label": "Valentinian II", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mediolanum", "label": "Mediolanum", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pontifex-maximus", "label": "Pontifex Maximus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "africa-roman-province", "label": "Africa (Roman province)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "trier", "label": "Trier", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexandria", "label": "Alexandria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "arianism", "label": "Arianism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 359, "year_label": "359 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gratian, Roman emperor (d. 383)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332409759#Births", "title": "359", "revid": 1332409759, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 367, "year_label": "367 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – Gratian receives the title of Augustus under his father, Valentinian I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326556842#Roman_Empire", "title": "367", "revid": 1326556842, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 368, "year_label": "368 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Valentinian I and his 8-year-old son, Gratian, cross the Rhine with an army into Alamannic territory. He defeats the Alemanni and burns food stores along the border. A temporary peace is signed with Macrian, king of the Bucinobantes, and Valentinian returns to his capital Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332421371#Roman_Empire", "title": "368", "revid": 1332421371, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 375, "year_label": "375 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Gratian, age 16, takes over the government at Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), but ministers wishing to retain the loyalty of the Illyrian army fear a usurper. They proclaim Valentinian's 4-year-old son Valentinian II co-emperor with his mother, Justina, as regent. Gratian reserves for himself the administration of the Gallic provinces, and hands over Italy, Illyrium, Hispania and Africa to his stepmother, who makes Mediolanum (Milan) her residence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205031#Roman_Empire", "title": "375", "revid": 1349205031, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 377, "year_label": "377 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Valens requests his nephew Gratian to send Roman troops against the Goths. He responds by sending the ageing General Frigeridus with elite reinforcements that Ammianus calls ‘Pannonian and Transalpine auxiliaries (Pannonicis et Transalpinis auxiliis).’ Gratian also sends Richomeres, his Frankish commander of household troops (comes domesticorum), at the head of a number of troops drawn from the Gallic field army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313593#Roman_Empire", "title": "377", "revid": 1367313593, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 378, "year_label": "378 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Battle of Argentovaria: Emperor Gratian is forced to recall the army he has sent East. The Lentienses are defeated by Mallobaudes near Colmar (France). Gratian gains the title Alemannicus Maximus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309998773#Roman_Empire", "title": "378", "revid": 1309998773, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 379, "year_label": "379 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium, giving him the title Augustus with power over all the eastern provinces. Theodosius comes to terms with the Visigoths and settles them in the Balkans as military allies (foederati).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645183#Roman_Empire", "title": "379", "revid": 1367645183, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 380, "year_label": "380 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Edict of Thessalonica: Theodosius I, with co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II, declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to trinitarian Christianity, in accordance with the patriarchs of Rome and Alexandria, implicitly rejecting the Arianism of the patriarch of Constantinople as heretical.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281452530#Roman_Empire", "title": "380", "revid": 1281452530, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 381, "year_label": "381 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Gratian moves the capital to Mediolanum (modern-day Milan). Because of his Christian beliefs, he eliminates Pontifex Maximus as Imperial title. Gratian also refuses the robe of office, insulting the pagan aristocrats of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281451732#Roman_Empire", "title": "381", "revid": 1281451732, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 381, "year_label": "381 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Gallic city of Cularo is renamed Gratianopolis (later Grenoble), in honor of Gratian having created a bishopric.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281451732#Roman_Empire", "title": "381", "revid": 1281451732, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 382, "year_label": "382 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Gratian refuses the divine attributes of the Imperial cult and removes the Altar of Victory from the Senate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370628973#Roman_Empire", "title": "382", "revid": 1370628973, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 383, "year_label": "383 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Emperor Gratian, age 24, is assassinated at Lugdunum (modern-day Lyon), leaving a young widow Laeta. Pannonia and Africa maintain their allegiance to co-emperor Valentinian II, now 12, whose mother, Justina, rules in his name.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205021#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 383", "revid": 1349205021, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 383, "year_label": "383 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Gratian, Roman Emperor (assassinated) (b. 359)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205021#Deaths", "title": "AD 383", "revid": 1349205021, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 384, "year_label": "384 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – Pope Siricius succeeds Damasus I as the 38th pope. He takes the title Pontifex Maximus, after it is relinquished by the late emperor Gratian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741473#Religion", "title": "384", "revid": 1364741473, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}]}