{"slug": "great-wall-of-china", "label": "Great Wall of China", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12501", "qid": "Q12501", "description": "series of fortifications built along the historical border of China", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [-255, 1644], "span_label": ["256 BCE", "1644 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "genghis-khan", "label": "Genghis Khan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jin-dynasty-11151234", "label": "Jin dynasty (1115–1234)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jurchen-people", "label": "Jurchen people", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hongwu-emperor", "label": "Hongwu Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wu-sangui", "label": "Wu Sangui", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "beijing", "label": "Beijing", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "xiongnu", "label": "Xiongnu", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qin-dynasty", "label": "Qin dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "emperor-wen-of-sui", "label": "Emperor Wen of Sui", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "emperor-gaozu-of-han", "label": "Emperor Gaozu of Han", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -255, "year_label": "256 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Great Wall of China construction starts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1232457970#China", "title": "256 BC", "revid": 1232457970, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -208, "year_label": "209 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Modun khaan inherits Teoman's Hunnu confederations and founds the Xiongnu Empire in Mongolia proper. Modu's forces push into Northern China, threatening the Qin Empire and forcing them to further fortify the Great Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115697#Central_Asia", "title": "209 BC", "revid": 1300115697, "section": "Events › By place › Central Asia"}}, {"year": -194, "year_label": "195 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Facing the suspicion of Emperor Gaozu of Han, Lu Wan, the king of the State of Yan, flees north of the Great Wall of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115647#China", "title": "195 BC", "revid": 1300115647, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 594, "year_label": "594 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Wéndi repairs and expands sections of the Great Wall in the north-west, which is undertaken by using forced labour. During the years, thousands of civilians are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364756331#Asia", "title": "594", "revid": 1364756331, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1211, "year_label": "1211 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Genghis Khan summons his Mongol chieftains, and prepares to wage war against the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in northern China. He advances across the Gobi Desert with a massive army of 100,000 warriors with 300,000 horses, strung out in perhaps 10–20 groups of 5,000–10,000 men each, each with camel-drawn carts, and all linked by fast-moving messengers. Meanwhile, the Jin Government mobilizes an army of 800,000 men, most of which are untrained peasants with low morale, and some 150,000 highly-trained cavalry. This vast army, however, is spread across the Great Wall, and garrisoned separate fortresses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360876354#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1211", "revid": 1360876354, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Zhu Yuanzhang establishes the Ming dynasty with himself as the Emperor Hongwu. The new dynasty will last until 1644. The Emperor immediately orders every county magistrate to set up four granaries, and halts government taxation on books. Work begins later year on restoring the surviving Great Wall of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#January–March", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Altan Khan crosses the Great Wall of China and besieges Beijing, burning the suburbs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#October–December", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – Ming general Wu Sangui forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhaiguan Pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#April–June", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}