{"slug": "greece", "label": "Greece", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41", "qid": "Q41", "description": "country in Southeast Europe", "entries": 114, "years": 105, "span": [-1899, 2023], "span_label": ["1900 BCE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 37}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 14}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 11}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 10}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "peloponnese", "label": "Peloponnese", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "thessaly", "label": "Thessaly", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "crete", "label": "Crete", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "sicily", "label": "Sicily", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "principality-of-achaea", "label": "Principality of Achaea", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 4}], "items": [{"year": -1899, "year_label": "1900 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "c. 1900 BC: Transition from Early Helladic III to Middle Helladic culture in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363826027#Events", "title": "19th century BC", "revid": 1363826027, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1699, "year_label": "1700 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "c. 1700 BC: 1450 BC: Young girl gathering saffron crocus flowers, detail of wall painting, Room 3 of House Xeste 3, Akrotiri (prehistoric city), Thera, is made. Second Palace period. It is now kept in Thera Foundation, Petros M. Nomikos, Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300121382#Events", "title": "17th century BC", "revid": 1300121382, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1499, "year_label": "1500 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "c. 1500 BC: Settlers from Crete, Greece move to Miletus, Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320312812#Events_and_trends", "title": "1500s BC (decade)", "revid": 1320312812, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1399, "year_label": "1400 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "c. 1400 BC – The center of political and cultural power in the Aegean has shifted from Crete to mainland Greece, which at that time is home to wealthy warrior-kings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315282659#Events_and_trends", "title": "1400s BC (decade)", "revid": 1315282659, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1399, "year_label": "1400 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "c. 1400 BC – 1200 BC – Two women with a child, found in the palace at Mycenae, Greece, are made. It is now at National Archaeological Museum of Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315282659#Events_and_trends", "title": "1400s BC (decade)", "revid": 1315282659, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -669, "year_label": "670 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "King Gyges of Lydia's name is minted on the first Greek coins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510223#Events", "title": "670 BC", "revid": 1370510223, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -599, "year_label": "600 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Archaic period of sculpture begins in Greece (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372139014#Art_and_architecture", "title": "600 BC", "revid": 1372139014, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and architecture"}}, {"year": -556, "year_label": "557 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Santorini, Greece suffers from a volcanic eruption.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354684552#Events", "title": "557 BC", "revid": 1354684552, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -549, "year_label": "550 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hecataeus of Miletus, early Greek historian", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356470815#Births", "title": "550 BC", "revid": 1356470815, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -547, "year_label": "548 BCE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Apollo at Delphi, Greece is damaged in a fire. The Alcmaeonids rebuild the structure.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303256206#Events", "title": "548 BC", "revid": 1303256206, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -547, "year_label": "548 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Thales of Miletus (born c. 626 BC), pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and the first natural philosopher who belonged to the Milesian school along with Anaximander and Anaximenes", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303256206#Deaths", "title": "548 BC", "revid": 1303256206, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -471, "year_label": "472 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Thucydides, Greek historian (d.c. 400 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305121900#Births", "title": "472 BC", "revid": 1305121900, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -459, "year_label": "460 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hippocrates of Cos, Greek physician (approximate year) (d. 375 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173290#Births", "title": "460 BC", "revid": 1354173290, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Xenophon's \"Ten Thousand\" make their way back to Greece, with most of the men enlisting with the Spartans. Xenophon's successful march through the Persian Empire encourages Sparta to turn on the Persians and begin wars against the Persians in Asia Minor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#By_place", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Events › By place"}}, {"year": -392, "year_label": "393 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian general Conon and the Persian satrap Pharnabazus sail to mainland Greece, where they raid the coast of Laconia and seize the island of Cythera, where they leave a garrison and an Athenian governor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363862420#Greece", "title": "393 BC", "revid": 1363862420, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -380, "year_label": "381 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sparta increases its hold on central Greece by reestablishing the city of Plataea, which Sparta formerly destroyed in 427 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284745980#Greece", "title": "381 BC", "revid": 1284745980, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -359, "year_label": "360 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The King of Sparta, Agesilaus II, dies at Cyrene, Cyrenaica, on his way home to Greece from Egypt. He is succeeded by his son Archidamus III as Eurypontid king of Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1141894957#Greece", "title": "360 BC", "revid": 1141894957, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -357, "year_label": "358 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Alexander of Pherae, Despot of Pherae in Thessaly, Greece", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1135050178#Deaths", "title": "358 BC", "revid": 1135050178, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -349, "year_label": "350 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Corinthian capital is made in the tholos at Epidaurus. It is now preserved at the Archaeological Museum in Epidaurus, Greece (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367585688#Art", "title": "350 BC", "revid": 1367585688, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": -342, "year_label": "343 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "After his surrender to the Corinthian general Timoleon, who takes over as ruler of Syracuse, the former tyrant, Dionysius II, is allowed to retire to Corinth to live in exile, although he dies within the year. The Syracusan constitution is changed by Timoleon with the new constitution designed to have safeguards against tyranny. Timoleon invites new settlers from Greece to come to Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172730#Italy", "title": "343 BC", "revid": 1354172730, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -341, "year_label": "342 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, is invited by Philip II to his capital at Pella to tutor his son, Alexander. As the leading intellectual figure in Greece, Aristotle is commissioned to prepare Alexander for his future role as a military leader. (or 343 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209992354#Macedonia", "title": "342 BC", "revid": 1209992354, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -330, "year_label": "331 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "While Alexander is fighting in Asia, Agis III of Sparta, profiting from the Macedonian king's absence from Greece, leads some of the Greek cities in a revolt. With Persian money and 8,000 Greek mercenaries, he holds Crete against Macedonian forces. In the Peloponnesus he routs a force under the Macedonian general Coragus and, although Athens stays neutral, he is joined by Elis, Achaea (except Pellene) and Arcadia, with the exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia, which Agis III's forces besiege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210205718#Greece", "title": "331 BC", "revid": 1210205718, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -322, "year_label": "323 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Some Greek cities, including Athens, revolt against the Macedonian regent, Antipater, following the news of Alexander's death. Athens' actions are incited by the speeches of the Athenian general Leosthenes and the Athenian orator Hypereides. Joined by cities in central and south Greece, the Athenians defeat Antipater in battle. They force him to take refuge in Lamia, where he is besieged for several months by the Greek allies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311163255#Greece", "title": "323 BC", "revid": 1311163255, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -319, "year_label": "320 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexander the Great's various generals control different parts of Alexander's empire. Ptolemy controls Egypt, Seleucus controls Babylon and Syria, Antipater and his son Cassander control Macedon and Greece, Antigonus controls Phrygia and other parts of Asia Minor, Lysimachus controls Thrace and Pergamum and Eumenes controls the Cappadocia and Pontus areas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1166431272#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "320 BC", "revid": 1166431272, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -318, "year_label": "319 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Polyperchon's authority is challenged by Antipater's son Cassander, who refuses to acknowledge the new regent. With the aid of Antigonus, ruler of Phrygia, and with the support of Ptolemy and Lysimachus, Cassander seizes most of Greece including Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1222246653#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "319 BC", "revid": 1222246653, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In renewed fighting, Pyrrhus of Epirus, leading the combined Tarantine, Oscan, Samnite, and Greek forces, wins a 'Pyrrhic victory' against the Romans led by consul Publius Decius Mus at the Battle of Asculum, called such because his victory comes at a great cost to his own forces. Pyrrhus is reported to have said afterwards, \"One more victory against the Romans and we shall be utterly ruined!\" Disheartened, Pyrrhus retires to Tarentum and sends Cineas to make renewed peace overtures to Rome. These talks are inconclusive.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#Roman_Republic", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Brennus, leader of the army of Gauls who in 279 BC invaded Macedonia and northern Greece", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#Deaths", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -277, "year_label": "278 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "After their defeats in Greece, the Gauls move into Asia Minor. The Seleucid king Antiochus wins a major battle over the Gauls leading to his being given the title of Soter (Greek for \"saviour\"). The Gauls settle down to become the \"Galatians\" and are paid 2,000 talents annually by the Seleucid kings to keep the peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129454#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "278 BC", "revid": 1350129454, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -252, "year_label": "253 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Alexander, Antigonus II's nephew and regent, leads a revolt in Corinth with Ptolemy II's help and declares himself an independent monarch. As a result, Antigonus loses Corinth and Chalcis, the two bases from which he has dominated southern Greece. As the Aetolians occupy Thermopylae, Antigonus II is cut off from Athens and the Peloponnese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172725#Greece", "title": "253 BC", "revid": 1354172725, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -229, "year_label": "230 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Agron of Illyria dies. Pinnes, the son of Agron and Agron's first wife Triteuta, officially succeeds his father as king, but the kingdom is effectively ruled by Agron's second wife, Queen Teuta (Tefta), who expels the Greeks from the Illyrian coast and then launches Illyrian pirate ships into the Ionian Sea, preying on Roman shipping. She continues her husband's policy of attacking cities on the west coast of Greece and practising large-scale piracy in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304215922#Greece", "title": "230 BC", "revid": 1304215922, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -87, "year_label": "88 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – King Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Greece. Defeating the Roman forces four times in succession, he conquers Bithynia, Phrygia, Mysia, Lycia, Pamphylia, Ionia and Cappadocia. The Roman province of Asia is dismantled. On the king's orders, the local authorities in every city of the province round up and put to death all resident Italians in a single day (App.Mith.§§85–91). Plutarch (Sulla 24.4) says that 150,000 are killed, other sources calculate a figure of 80,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325703284#Greece", "title": "88 BC", "revid": 1325703284, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -86, "year_label": "87 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Mithridatic War: Siege of Athens (87–86 BC) – Sulla arrives in Greece and from Autumn besieges Athens. He orders Lucius Licinius Lucullus to raise a fleet from Rome's allies around the eastern Mediterranean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324423424#Roman_Republic", "title": "87 BC", "revid": 1324423424, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -31, "year_label": "32 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Antony distributes garrisons along the west coast of Greece, stations the fleet at Actium and establishes his headquarters at Patrae.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325920749#Roman_Republic", "title": "32 BC", "revid": 1325920749, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -30, "year_label": "31 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, Octavian Caesar defeats naval forces under Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371049882#Roman_Republic", "title": "31 BC", "revid": 1371049882, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 10, "year_label": "10 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Euthydemid dynasty, a Greek dynasty in Bactria, is brought to an end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Central_Asia", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 10 AD › Central Asia"}}, {"year": 53, "year_label": "53 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Claudius removes Herod Agrippa II from the tetrarchy of Chalcis in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Roman_Empire", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 53 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 67, "year_label": "67 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Nero travels to Greece, where he participates in the Olympic Games and other festivals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185877#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 67", "revid": 1371185877, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 124, "year_label": "124 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "During a voyage to Greece, Hadrian is initiated in the ancient rites known as the Eleusinian Mysteries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330350231#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 124", "revid": 1330350231, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 128, "year_label": "128 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Hadrian begins his inspection of the provinces of Greece, Asia Minor and Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188336#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 128", "revid": 1371188336, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 267, "year_label": "267 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Gothic invasion: The Goths, originally from Scandinavia, with the Sarmatians (from modern Iran), invade the Balkans and Greece. They ravage Moesia and Thrace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367427906#Roman_Empire", "title": "267", "revid": 1367427906, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 299, "year_label": "299 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "To celebrate his victory over the Persians, Galerius commissions the Arch of Galerius in Thessaloniki (modern Greece).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267078871#Roman_Empire", "title": "299", "revid": 1267078871, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 355, "year_label": "355 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Liberius refuses to sign a condemnation of Athanasius, Patriarch of Alexandria, imposed at Milan by Constantius II. Liberius is exiled to Beroea (Greece) and replaced by Felix II. He becomes an antipope and bishop of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331300399#Religion", "title": "355", "revid": 1331300399, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 396, "year_label": "396 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Revolt of Alaric I: The Visigoths, led by Alaric I, rampage through Greece and plunder Corinth, Argos and Sparta. They destroy the Temple of Eleusis, and harry the Peloponnese. Stilicho makes peace with the Goths, and allows them to settle in Epirus (Balkans).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276670607#Roman_Empire", "title": "396", "revid": 1276670607, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 400, "year_label": "400 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The mausoleum of Galerius in Salonica (Greece) is converted into a church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347571639#Religion", "title": "400", "revid": 1347571639, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 408, "year_label": "408 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Hexamilion wall is constructed. Fortifications are built across the Isthmus of Corinth, guarding the only land route into the Peloponnese peninsula from Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367644906#Roman_Empire", "title": "408", "revid": 1367644906, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 412, "year_label": "412 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Olympiodorus, historical writer, is sent on an embassy by Honorius, and sails in stormy weather around Greece up the Black Sea, to meet the Huns who are located on the middle Danube (modern Bulgaria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865702#Roman_Empire", "title": "412", "revid": 1346865702, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 467, "year_label": "467 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Vandal War (461-468): King Genseric extends his pirate raids in the Mediterranean Sea; the Vandals sack and enslave the people living in Illyricum, the Peloponnese and other parts of Greece. Leo I joins forces with the Western Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360138919#Roman_Empire", "title": "467", "revid": 1360138919, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 469, "year_label": "469 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Vandals invade Epirus (modern Greece). They are expelled from the Peloponnese (Greece) and in retaliation, the Vandals take 500 hostages at Zakynthos. On the way back to Carthage they are slaughtered.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360138926#Europe", "title": "469", "revid": 1360138926, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 481, "year_label": "481 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Theodoric Strabo defeats the Bulgars in Thrace, and moves with an army (13,000 men) towards Constantinople. After logistical problems, he is forced to return to Greece. In an encampment at Stabulum Diomedis, near Philippi, he falls from an unruly horse onto a spear and dies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340789382#Europe", "title": "481", "revid": 1340789382, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 533, "year_label": "533 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails in 500 transports, escorted by 92 war vessels (dromons), manned by 20,000 seamen from Constantinople, to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily. The fleet carries 10,000 infantry, about half Byzantine and half foederati, and 5,000 cavalry, consisting of 3,000 Byzantine horsemen, 1,000 foreign allies (Huns and Heruli) and 1,500 of Belisarius' retainers (bucellarii). On the flagship Belisarius is accompanied by his military secretary Procopius, and his wife Antonina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793764#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "533", "revid": 1340793764, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 550, "year_label": "550 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Totila plunders Sicily, after he subdues Corsica and Sardinia. He sends a Gothic fleet to raid the coasts of Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799644#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "550", "revid": 1340799644, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 582, "year_label": "582 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – Emperor Tiberius II Constantine, age 47, dies (possibly from deliberately poisoned food) at Constantinople, after a 4-year reign during which Thrace and Greece have been inundated by the Slavs. He is succeeded by his son-in-law Maurice, former notary who has commanded the Byzantine army in the war against the Persian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751218#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "582", "revid": 1364751218, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 654, "year_label": "654 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muawiyah, governor of Syria, stations a large garrison on Cyprus. He conquers the Greek island of Kos in the Dodecanese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362652029#Arabian_Caliphate", "title": "654", "revid": 1362652029, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Caliphate"}}, {"year": 726, "year_label": "726 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Leo III issues a series of edicts banning the veneration of images (726–729), and launching the iconoclastic controversies. Most of the clergy – particularly in Italy and Greece – are opposed to these edicts with uncompromising hostility, and in the western parts of the Byzantine Empire the people refuse to obey his religious reforms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808661#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "726", "revid": 1340808661, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 727, "year_label": "727 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A revolt breaks out in Greece against the religious policies of Emperor Leo III (see 726). A rebel fleet under Agallianos Kontoskeles sets out for Constantinople with Kosmas, an anti-emperor, but is destroyed by the Byzantine fleet through the use of Greek fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372352645#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "AD 727", "revid": 1372352645, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Sicily, Sardinia, Provence, and Greece are raided by a fleet of Arab Muslim ships sent by the governor of Ifriqya, the ones raiding South Western Europe are led by Habīb Ibn Abi ‘Ubayda Al-Fihrī, while the fleet raiding Greece is led by Mu’awiya ibn Hishām. All of them are successful, submitting the Islands and returning with much wealth from the spoils of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Europe", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 747, "year_label": "747 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Bubonic plague breaks out in Sicily, Calabria (Southern Italy), and Monemvasia (modern Greece).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468436#Europe", "title": "AD 747", "revid": 1364468436, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 782, "year_label": "782 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constantine VI is betrothed to the 6-year-old Rotrude, daughter of Charlemagne; Irene sends a scholar monk called Elisaeus to educate her in Greek language and manners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081621#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "782", "revid": 1267081621, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 783, "year_label": "783 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A Byzantine expeditionary force under Staurakios, chief minister (logothete), begins a campaign against the communities (Sclaviniae) of Greece. Setting out from Constantinople, the imperial army follows the Thracian coast into Macedonia, and then south into Thessaly, Central Greece and the Peloponnese. Staurakios restores a measure of Byzantine authority over these areas, and collects booty and tribute from the locals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351342197#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "783", "revid": 1351342197, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 805, "year_label": "805 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Patras: Local Slavic tribes of the Peloponnese lay siege to the city of Patras (modern Greece), with aid from an Arab fleet. A Byzantine relief army under Skleros, military governor (strategos) from Corinth, is sent and retakes the city. The captured Slavs in Patras are made slaves, and a church is dedicated to St. Andrew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361734873#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "805", "revid": 1361734873, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 824, "year_label": "824 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February", "text": "February – A major earthquake strikes Byzantium in Asia Minor (now part of western Turkey) and part of Greece, damaging the city walls of Theodosiopolis (now Barbaros in Turkey) and Heraclea Perinthus at the same time that the forces of Byzantine Emperor Michael II the Amorian are suppressing the rebellion by Thomas the Slav. Both cities surrender after the natural event.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361215157#By_date", "title": "824", "revid": 1361215157, "section": "Events › By date"}}, {"year": 856, "year_label": "856 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November", "text": "November (approximate date) – An earthquake in Corinth, Greece kills an estimated 45,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329734614#Geology", "title": "856", "revid": 1329734614, "section": "Events › By topic › Geology"}}, {"year": 880, "year_label": "880 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Cephalonia: A Byzantine fleet, under Admiral Nasar, is sent by Emperor Basil I to the Ionian Islands. Nasar defeats the Aghlabids in a night battle near Cephalonia (modern Greece).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372561483#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "880", "revid": 1372561483, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 963, "year_label": "963 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Monastery of Great Lavra at Mount Athos (northeastern Greece) is founded by the Byzantine monk Athanasius the Athonite.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272224#Religion", "title": "963", "revid": 1365272224, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 972, "year_label": "972 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "John I grants a charter for the Monastic Republic of Holy Mount Athos, in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272305#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "972", "revid": 1365272305, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – Battle of Spercheios: Byzantine forces, under General Nikephoros Ouranos, defeat the Bulgarians at the Spercheios River in Greece. During a night battle, the Bulgarian co-ruler Samuel is wounded; he and his son Gavril Radomir evade capture, by feigning death among the bodies of their slain soldiers. Samuel sets off to Bulgaria, and retreats with the remnants of his army, into the Pindus Mountains. Ouranos returns to Constantinople, with 1,000 heads of Bulgarian soldiers and 12,000 captives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1014, "year_label": "1014 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Battle of Thessalonica: Emperor Basil II launches a raiding expedition against Bulgaria. From Western Thrace via Serres he reaches the valley of the Strymon River, near Thessaloniki (modern Greece); the local Byzantine governor Theophylact Botaneiates defeats the Bulgarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212610#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1014", "revid": 1342212610, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1041, "year_label": "1041 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Battle of Ostrovo: The Byzantines, with the help of the Varangian Guard, led by Harald Hardrada (future king of Norway), defeat the Bulgarian troops, near Lake Ostrovo in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365267586#Europe", "title": "1041", "revid": 1365267586, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1043, "year_label": "1043 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force to the Balkans against the rebellious George Maniakes, governor of the Catepanate of Italy. The two armies meet near Thessaloniki in northern Greece. The rebel army – better organized, seasoned and with superior leadership – is initially successful, but Maniakes is killed by an arrow at the moment of his triumph. After this, his army is routed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365591040#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1043", "revid": 1365591040, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1082, "year_label": "1082 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Normans under Duke Robert Guiscard take Dyrrhachium (modern-day Durrës) in Illyria and advance inland, capturing most of Macedonia and Thessaly. Robert is forced to leave Greece to deal with an uprising in Italy. He leaves his son Bohemond in charge of the army, who lays siege to the city of Larissa. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos mobilizes a new army, and with the support of 7,000 Seljuk Turks he clears Thessaly from the Normans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070113#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1082", "revid": 1267070113, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1148, "year_label": "1148 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "An Italian silk industry is started at Palermo by Roger II, who takes numbers of silk workers back from Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156256#Technology", "title": "1148", "revid": 1362156256, "section": "Events › By topic › Technology"}}, {"year": 1149, "year_label": "1149 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – King Louis VII and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine sail homeward in separate Sicilian ships. While the fleet rounds the Peloponnese (southern Greece) it is attacked by ships of the Byzantine navy. Louis gives orders to raise the French flag and is allowed to sail on. But the ships containing many of his followers and his possessions are captured and taken as a war-prize to Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184526#Levant", "title": "1149", "revid": 1369184526, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – June – The Crusader fleet rounds Greece and stops at Negroponte (modern-day Halkis), where the local authorities submit to Alexios Angelos. Encouraged by this, the Crusader leaders send him and several ships to extend his authority over the neighboring island of Andros. Mid-June, the Crusader fleet sails from Greece to Abydos, where it enters the Dardanelles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Fourth_Crusade", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Fourth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Othon de la Roche, a Burgundian nobleman, founds the Duchy of Athens (one of the Crusader states set up in Greece) and takes the title of \"Grand Lord\" (Megaskyr) in Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – The First Parliament of Ravennika, convened by Emperor Henry of Flanders, is held in the town of Ravennika in Greece, in an attempt to resolve the rebellion of the Lombard nobles of the Kingdom of Thessalonica. Henry pardons Lord Amédée Pofey (or Buffois), and reinvests with his fief, while the other nobles persist in their rebellion and keep to their castles. After receiving imperial recognition, Geoffrey I of Villehardouin becomes Henry's vassal, thereby subordinating Achaea directly to Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362169644#Europe", "title": "1209", "revid": 1362169644, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May", "text": "May – The Second Parliament of Ravennika, convened by Emperor Henry of Flanders, is held in the town of Ravennika (in modern Greece), in order to resolve the differences between the princes of Frankish Greece, and the Roman Catholic clergy of their domains. The assembled nobles and prelates conclude a concordat, which recognizes the independence and immunity of all Church property in Frankish Greece from any feudal duties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Europe", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – After the fall of Argos the Crusaders complete their conquest of the Morea in southern Greece. The city, along with Nauplia, is given to Othon de la Roche, a Burgundian nobleman, as a fief, along with an income of 400 hyperpyron from Corinth. Meanwhile, the Venetians conquer Crete and evict Henry, Count of Malta (\"Enrico Pescatore\"), a Genoese adventurer and pirate, active in the Mediterranean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354428304#Europe", "title": "1212", "revid": 1354428304, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Robert I (or Courtenay) dies after a 7-year reign in Morea (Southern Greece). He is succeeded by his 11-year-old brother, Baldwin II, as ruler of the Latin Empire in Constantinople, with John of Brienne as regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Europe", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1261, "year_label": "1261 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Reconquest of Constantinople: Alexios Strategopoulos and his men hide at a monastery near the city gates, before entering through a secret passage. After a short struggle, the guards who are completely taken by surprise are killed and the Venetian quarter is set ablaze. Panic spreads through the capital and Emperor Baldwin II rushes out to save his life, evacuating along with many other Latins with the help of the Venetian fleet. Baldwin manages to escape to the still Latin-held parts of Greece, but Constantinople is lost for good.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011180#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1261", "revid": 1350011180, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, Constantine Palaiologos, to the Peloponnese in southern Greece. The army is transported to Monemvasia on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in Euboea and the Cyclades. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to Sparta, while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of Laconia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – The Battle of Halmyros is fought in Greece as the mercenaries of the Catalan Company defeat the Latin forces (some 15,000 men), and their allies under Walter V at Halmyros (southern Thessaly). After the battle, they take control of the Duchy of Athens. Later, Catalan forces peacefully occupy all of Attica and Boeotia, which they rule as part of Greece (until the 1380s).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#January_–_March", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Philip II, Prince of Taranto hands over the rule of Achaea (modern-day southern Greece) to his cousin, Joanna I of Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#October–December", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – James of Baux succeeds his uncle, Philip II, as Prince of Taranto (modern-day eastern Italy) and titular ruler of the Latin Empire (northern Greece and western Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#October–December", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – The Spanish Aragonese knight Juan Fernández de Heredia becomes the new Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, who control the island of Rhodes, one of the Dodecanese islands of Greece and the island of Cyprus. Fernandez is elected by his fellow Knights to replace the late Grand Master Robert de Juilly, who had died on July 29.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#July–September", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1384, "year_label": "1384 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – An earthquake strikes the island of Lesbos in Greece, killing numerous people including the Genoan Lord of Lesbos, Francesco I Gattilusio, along with his two eldest sons, Andronico and Domenico. His son Jacopo Gattiliuso survives and rules the island under the name Francesco II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369176313#July–September", "title": "1384", "revid": 1369176313, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Principality of Achaea (now southern Greece) resists an invasion by the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188981#Date_unknown", "title": "1399", "revid": 1362188981, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Maria II Zaccaria succeeds her husband, Pedro de San Superano, as regent of the Principality of Achaea (modern-day southern Greece).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#Date_unknown", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – Centurione II Zaccaria buys the Principality of Achaea, located on the Peloponnese peninsula in modern-day Greece, from King Ladislaus of Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#April–June", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – On their way back to England after a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, the 37 pilgrims on the ship Cog Anne are killed when the vessel strikes a rock near the port of Modon in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#October–December", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Constantine Lascaris, Greek scholar and grammarian", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#July–December", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1827, "year_label": "1827 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Greek War of Independence: The Treaty of London between France, Britain and Russia, demands that the Turks agree to an armistice in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362794712#July–September", "title": "1827", "revid": 1362794712, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1827, "year_label": "1827 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Greek War of Independence: Battle of Navarino – British, French and Russian naval forces destroy the Turko-Egyptian fleet in Greece. This is the last naval action to be fought under sail alone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362794712#October–December", "title": "1827", "revid": 1362794712, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek head of state and founder of Greek independence, is assassinated in Nafplion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#October–December", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria arrives at the port of Nafplio to assume the title King Othon the First of Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983797#January–March", "title": "1833", "revid": 1369983797, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – The Theriso revolt begins in Crete as about 1,500 people led by Eleftherios Venizelos demand unification with Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#March", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – Panathinaikos A.O., a well-known professional multi-sports club of Greece, is founded in Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#February", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 (O. S. September 11) – 11 September 1922 Revolution in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#September", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – Greece withdraws its forces from NATO's military command structure, as a result of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372602919#July–August", "title": "1974", "revid": 1372602919, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – After a referendum and seven years of military rule, modern-day Greece is established as the Hellenic Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369955775#June", "title": "1975", "revid": 1369955775, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#January", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – The 1987 Aegean crisis, which occurred near the Greek island of Thasos, was a confrontation between Greece and Turkey that was ultimately resolved peacefully. Turkey agreed to withdraw its vessels under the condition of Greece not pursue oil drills beyond its territorial waters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#March", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – A wildfire on the Greek island of Ikaria kills 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#July", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – The first mobile phone call was made in Greece, marking the launch of mobile telephony services in the country by Telestet (now NOVA).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#June", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – The 6.6 Western Macedonia earthquake strikes northwestern Greece with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), injuring 25 and causing $450 million in damage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#May", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Snap legislative elections are held in Greece, following failure to form a government, to elect all 300 members of the Hellenic Parliament and the New Democracy party, led by Antonis Samaras, comes out as the largest party winning 129 out of 300 seats.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#June", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – Legislative elections are held in Greece to elect all 300 members of the Hellenic Parliament and the New Democracy party led by Antonis Samaras, comes out as the largest party winning 108 out of 300 seats.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#May", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Legislative elections are held in Greece to elect all 300 members of the Hellenic Parliament and the SYRIZA party, led by Alexis Tsipras, comes out as the largest party winning 149 out of 300 seats.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#January", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Greek government-debt crisis: Greece becomes the first advanced economy to miss a payment to the International Monetary Fund in the 71-year history of the IMF.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#July", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – Snap legislative elections are held in Greece, following the resignation of prime minister Alexis Tsipras, to elect all 300 members of the Hellenic Parliament and the SYRIZA party, led by Alexis Tsipras comes out as the largest party winning 145 out of 300 seats.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#September", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – Greece and the Republic of Macedonia reach a deal to end a 27-year naming dispute between both countries, which would result in Macedonia being officially renamed the Republic of North Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#June", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The Republic of Macedonia renames itself the Republic of North Macedonia, officially ending a decades-old dispute with Greece and paving the way for the former's integration into NATO and the EU.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#February", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg says the military alliance is \"ready to support\" the UN-recognized Government of National Accord in Libya while Greece, a member state of NATO, strongly criticizes Stoltenberg's remarks, saying his recognition of the \"Muslim Brotherhood government\" does not reflect the positions of the military alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#May", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – A train crash in Thessaly, Greece, kills 57 people and injures dozens. The crash leads to nationwide protests and strikes against the condition of Greek railways and their mismanagement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#February", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – 2023 Greece wildfires: Tens of thousands of tourists flee Rhodes, Greece, amid wildfires and a major heatwave, in what officials say is the largest evacuation in the country's history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#July", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › July"}}]}