{"slug": "greenland", "label": "Greenland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223", "qid": "Q223", "description": "autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark and world's largest island", "entries": 23, "years": 23, "span": [900, 2021], "span_label": ["900 CE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 10}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "orkney", "label": "Orkney", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "faroe-islands", "label": "Faroe Islands", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "shetland", "label": "Shetland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "margaret-i-of-denmark", "label": "Margaret I of Denmark", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "erik-of-pomerania", "label": "Erik of Pomerania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kalmar-union", "label": "Kalmar Union", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Greenland is discovered by the Norseman Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, sailing from Norway to Iceland: he is blown off course by a storm and comes in sight of some islands off the coast (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Exploration", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 981, "year_label": "981 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Erik the Red leaves Norway, to survey west of Iceland in Viking longships, that carry nearly 700 people with cattle, horses, and other necessities for starting a colony on the island. Erik finds land and calls it Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366191661#Exploration", "title": "981", "revid": 1366191661, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 982, "year_label": "982 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Erik the Red establishes the first Viking colonies in Greenland (see 981).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468335#Exploration", "title": "982", "revid": 1364468335, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 985, "year_label": "985 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Greenland is colonized by the Icelandic Viking Erik the Red (according to legend, but has been established as approximately correct – see History of Greenland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468346#Exploration", "title": "985", "revid": 1364468346, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The King of Norway sends the last Royal Ship from Norway to the Greenland Eastern Settlement. This event is part of both the Norse colonization of the Americas, and of the History of Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#Date_unknown", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Queen Margaret I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden publishes the Treaty of Kalmar, proposing the personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#April–June", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1397, "year_label": "1397 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Erik of Pomerania is crowned in Kalmar (Sweden) as ruler of the Kalmar Union, a personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland) engineered by Queen Margaret I of Denmark, his great-aunt and adoptive mother, who retains de facto power in the realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363907908#April–June", "title": "1397", "revid": 1363907908, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1498, "year_label": "1498 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "João Fernandes Lavrador and Pedro de Barcelos journey to Greenland; during their voyage, they discover the land which they name Labrador.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363338704#Date_unknown", "title": "1498", "revid": 1363338704, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – English navigator Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#July–September", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – The Frobisher expedition reaches Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#April–June", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1728, "year_label": "1728 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – The City of Nuuk is founded in Greenland, as Fort Godt-Haab, by royal governor Claus Paarss.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363462071#July–September", "title": "1728", "revid": 1363462071, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The town of Egedesminde (modern Aasiaat) is founded in Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#Date_unknown", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – HMS Terror and HMS Erebus of the Franklin Expedition go missing in the Davis Strait west of Greenland, while searching for the Northwest Passage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364939346#July–September", "title": "1845", "revid": 1364939346, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Total solar eclipse visible in Canada, Greenland, Iceland and Northern Europe, the first solar eclipse to be photographed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#July–September", "title": "1851", "revid": 1358777790, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – Norway issues a royal proclamation claiming the uninhabited part of eastern Greenland as Erik the Red's Land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#July", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – The International Court of Justice in The Hague decides that Greenland belongs to Denmark, and condemns Norwegian landings on eastern Greenland. Norway submits to the decision.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#April", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – West Ice accidents: During a severe storm in the West Ice, east of Greenland, 78 seal hunters on 5 Norwegian seal hunting vessels vanish without a trace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#March–April", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Danish passenger/cargo ship , returning to Copenhagen after its maiden voyage to Greenland, strikes an iceberg and sinks off the Greenland coast with the loss of all 95 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#January", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Greenland is granted limited autonomy from Denmark, with its own Parliament sitting in Nuuk.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#May", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a new agreement on fishing rights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#January", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – Greenland gains self-rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#June", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – Danish polar research institution Polar Portal reports a large spike in Greenland ice loss, with 11 billion tons melted in one day and 197 gigatonnes during the month of July.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#August", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – An annular solar eclipse is visible from Canada, Greenland, the North Pole, and the Russian Far East.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#June", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › June"}}]}