{"slug": "gregorian-calendar", "label": "Gregorian Calendar", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 27, "years": 17, "span": [-45, 2000], "span_label": ["46 BCE", "2000 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "julian-calendar", "label": "Julian calendar", "shared": 18}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "greek-war-of-independence", "label": "Greek War of Independence", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "alexander-i-of-russia", "label": "Alexander I of Russia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "protestantism", "label": "Protestantism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "western-europe", "label": "Western Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "denmarknorway", "label": "Denmark–Norway", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "persia", "label": "Persia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -45, "year_label": "46 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Caesar reforms the Roman calendar to create the Julian calendar. The transitional year is extended to 445 days to synchronize the new calendar and the seasonal cycle. The Julian Calendar would remain the standard in the western world for over 1600 years, until superseded by the Gregorian Calendar in 1582.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069033#Roman_Republic", "title": "46 BC", "revid": 1361069033, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 (Julian) (December 19 Gregorian) – France discards the Julian Calendar at the end of the day and adopts the Gregorian Calendar at midnight. Sunday, December 9 is followed the next day in France by Monday, December 20.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325265#October–December", "title": "1582", "revid": 1373325265, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 (Julian) (March 6 Gregorian) – Pope Gregory XIII proclaims the Gregorian calendar, to come into effect in October. Under the order, the date on the Julian calendar will be advanced by 10 days in order to synchronize the calendar date back to the equinoxes and solstices, since the gap has been increasing by one day every 100 years since the 6th century and is 10 days off schedule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325265#January–March", "title": "1582", "revid": 1373325265, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 (Julian) (October 14 Gregorian) – The Julian calendar is discarded at the end of the day in Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain as Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In the nations where the calendar is accepted, Thursday, October 4 is followed the next day by Friday, October 15.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325265#October–December", "title": "1582", "revid": 1373325265, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The Duchy of Savoy adopts the Gregorian Calendar, replacing the Julian Calendar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#January–March", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – In Lima in the Viceroyalty of Peru, Italian printer Antonio Ricardo receives official permission to set up the first printing press in South America, and prints the first publication there, Pragmatica, a four-page outline of how the new Gregorian calendar (adopted 1582) works.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#July–September", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 (Julian calendar, used by the English; January 3, 1602, according to the Gregorian calendar used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle) – The Battle of Kinsale ends the siege of Kinsale, Ireland (begun in autumn 1601).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#October–December", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1602, "year_label": "1602 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The English defeat Irish rebels and their Spanish allies. (The battle happens on this date according to the Gregorian calendar used by the Irish and Spanish but on Thursday, 24 December, 1601 according to the old Julian calendar used by the English.)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972919#January–March", "title": "1602", "revid": 1351972919, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Habitation at Port-Royal established by France under Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, the first European colonization of Nova Scotia in North America (at this time part of Acadia); the Gregorian calendar is adopted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#Date_unknown", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Protestant nations in Western Europe, except England, start using the Gregorian calendar. Catholic nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366570351#January–March", "title": "1700", "revid": 1366570351, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 (Gregorian) – Protestant Germany and Denmark–Norway adopt the Gregorian calendar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366570351#January–March", "title": "1700", "revid": 1366570351, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 (May 13 Old Style) – Adoption of the Gregorian calendar: Royal assent is given to An Act for Regulating the Commencement of the Year; and for Correcting the Calendar now in Use (the \"Calendar Act\") passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, introducing the Gregorian Calendar, correcting the eleven-day difference between Old Style and New Style dates and making 1 January legally New Year's Day from 1752 in the British Empire. It is largely promoted by George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#April–June", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1752, "year_label": "1752 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The British Empire (except Scotland, which had changed New Year's Day to January 1 in 1600) adopts today as the first day of the year as part of adoption of the Gregorian calendar, which is completed in September: today is the first day of the New Year under the terms of last year's Calendar Act of the British Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362993688#January–March", "title": "1752", "revid": 1362993688, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1753, "year_label": "1753 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Sweden adopts the Gregorian calendar, by skipping the 11 days difference between it and the Julian calendar, and letting February 17 be followed directly by March 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362641691#January–March", "title": "1753", "revid": 1362641691, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 (O.S.)/April 22 (N.S.) – Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is blamed by the Ottoman government for being unable to suppress Greek independence, and is hanged outside the main gate of the Patriarchal Cathedral immediately after the celebration of Pascha.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#April–June", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 (O.S.)/August 19 (N.S.) – Navarino massacre: Greek rebels massacre 3,000 inhabitants of the city of Navarino.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#July–September", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 (O.S.)/June 19 (N.S.) – Battle of Drăgășani, Wallachia: The Filiki Eteria are decisively defeated by the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#April–June", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 (O.S.)/April 6 (N.S.) – Metropolitan bishop Germanos of Patras raises the revolutionary flag of Greece at the Monastery of Agia Lavra (according to oral tradition), symbolically marking the beginning of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire; later celebrated as Greece's traditional Independence Day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#April–June", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 (O.S.)/October 20 (N.S.) – Tsar Alexander I of Russia issues an imperial ukase guaranteeing freedom of commerce in Russia by merchants from Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#October–December", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 (O.S.)/October 5 (N.S.) – The Siege of Tripolitsa ends when Greek rebels capture the city of Tripoli, Greece; the massacre of 8,000 civilians follows. (Greek forces under the command of General Theodoros Kolokotronis have besieged the city for several months during the Greek War of Independence from Turkey and the Ottoman Empire.)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#October–December", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 (O.S.)/September 16 (N.S.) – Ukase of 1821: Russia proclaims territorial sovereignty over Northwestern North America, modern-day Alaska.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#July–September", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 (O.S.)/November 19 (N.S.) – Nicholas I of Russia succeeds his older brother Alexander I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341744335#October–December", "title": "1825", "revid": 1341744335, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 (O.S.)/December 14 (N.S.) – Some Imperial Russian Army officers stage the Decembrist revolt against Nicholas's accession in Saint Petersburg, but it is thoroughly suppressed by the government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341744335#October–December", "title": "1825", "revid": 1341744335, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1873, "year_label": "1873 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 (N.S.)/March 20 (O.S.) – Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1943)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370305657#March–April", "title": "1873", "revid": 1370305657, "section": "Births › March–April"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Russia switches from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar; the date skips from January 31 to February 14.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#February", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Greece begins using the Gregorian calendar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369258210#March", "title": "1920", "revid": 1369258210, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 29", "text": "February 29 – A rare century leap year date occurs. Usually, century years are common years due to not being exactly divisible by 400. 2000 is the first such year to have a February 29 since the year 1600, making it only the second such occasion since the Gregorian Calendar was introduced in 1582. The next such leap year will occur in 2400.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#February", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › February"}}]}