{"slug": "hadrian-s-wall", "label": "Hadrian's Wall", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57357", "qid": "Q57357", "description": "defensive fortification in Roman Britain", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [122, 653], "span_label": ["122 CE", "653 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "roman-britain", "label": "Roman Britain", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "picts", "label": "Picts", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "caledonians", "label": "Caledonians", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "britannia", "label": "Britannia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-legionary", "label": "Roman legionary", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "saxons", "label": "Saxons", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "germania", "label": "Germania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hadrian", "label": "Hadrian", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-army", "label": "Roman army", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 122, "year_label": "122 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Hadrian orders that a 73-mile (117-kilometer) wall be built to mark the northern Roman Empire while personally visiting the area. Hadrian's Wall, as it comes to be known, is intended to keep the Caledonians, Picts and other tribes at bay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364737565#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 122", "revid": 1364737565, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 123, "year_label": "123 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Housesteads Fort is constructed on Hadrian's Wall north of Bardon Mill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339094983#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 123", "revid": 1339094983, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 128, "year_label": "128 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hadrian's Wall is completed in Britain. Built mostly of stone in the east and with a wooden palisade in the west. They construct at least 16 forts, with about 15,000 legionaries digging ditches, quarrying rock and cutting stone, preventing idleness which led to unrest and rebellions in the ranks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188336#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 128", "revid": 1371188336, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 132, "year_label": "132 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Merchants in Britain build structures outside the forts of Hadrian's Wall, and offer goods and services (including brothels) to Roman soldiers, who receive salaries in a region that otherwise has virtually no ready money.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188369#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 132", "revid": 1371188369, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 180, "year_label": "180 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Northern British from beyond Hadrian's Wall invade the North of modern-day England, causing Emperor Commodus to allow swathes of Northern cities to establish city walls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305659#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 180", "revid": 1371305659, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 193, "year_label": "193 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In Britain, Clodius Albinus allies with Septimius Severus, and accepts the title of Caesar. British tribes take advantage of the disorder in the Empire, and damage Hadrian's Wall. Extensive repairs to the defence work is carried out by the legionaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310592#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 193", "revid": 1371310592, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 196, "year_label": "196 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Hadrian's Wall in Britain is partially destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314273#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 196", "revid": 1371314273, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 205, "year_label": "205 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Hadrian's Wall is restored, after heavy raids by Caledonian tribes had overrun much of northern Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364746464#Roman_Empire", "title": "205", "revid": 1364746464, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 206, "year_label": "206 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hadrian's Wall is retaken for the first time, since the Pictish uprising of 180.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371192198#Roman_Empire", "title": "206", "revid": 1371192198, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 208, "year_label": "208 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Septimius Severus leads an expedition (20,000 men) into Britannia, crosses Hadrian's Wall and moves through eastern Scotland. The Roman army pushes the Caledonians back to the River Tay and Severus signs a peace treaty. He repairs the Antonine Wall (his repairs are sometimes called the Severan Wall).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187746#Roman_Empire", "title": "208", "revid": 1371187746, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 333, "year_label": "333 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constantine the Great pulls Roman troops out of Britain, and abandons work on Hadrian's Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372731369#Roman_Empire", "title": "333", "revid": 1372731369, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 367, "year_label": "367 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Great Conspiracy: The Roman garrison on Hadrian's Wall revolts and allows Picts from Caledonia to devastate Britain. Simultaneously Attacotti, the Scotti from Hibernia (Ireland), and the Saxons from Germania invade the island's mid-western and south-eastern borders. They sack the cities and murder, rape or enslave Romano-British civilians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326556842#Roman_Empire", "title": "367", "revid": 1326556842, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 368, "year_label": "368 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The barbarians are driven back to their homelands, Hadrian's Wall is retaken and order returns to the Roman diocese. Theodosius reorganises the abandoned forts and mounts punitive expeditions in Hibernia (Ireland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332421371#Roman_Empire", "title": "368", "revid": 1332421371, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Vortigern invites a number of Germanic warriors to aid him in consolidating his position in Britain, according to the Historia Brittonum. He hires Saxons who are probably settled in Kent as mercenaries to fight against the Picts and the Scots beyond Hadrian's Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Europe", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Peada marries Alchflaed, daughter of King Oswiu of Bernicia, and is baptised at Ad Murum (in the region of Hadrian's Wall) by bishop Finan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Britain", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}]}