{"slug": "hamburg", "label": "Hamburg", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055", "qid": "Q1055", "description": "city and state in the North of Germany", "entries": 19, "years": 18, "span": [798, 1998], "span_label": ["798 CE", "1998 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "valdemar-ii-of-denmark", "label": "Valdemar II of Denmark", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "north-sea", "label": "North Sea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "military-alliance", "label": "Military alliance", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saxons", "label": "Saxons", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "obotrites", "label": "Obotrites", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hanseatic-league", "label": "Hanseatic League", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lubeck", "label": "Lübeck", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "erik-of-pomerania", "label": "Erik of Pomerania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kalmar-union", "label": "Kalmar Union", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 798, "year_label": "798 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bornhöved: King Charlemagne forms an alliance with the Obodrites. Together with Prince Drożko (Thrasco), he defeats the Nordalbian Saxons near the village of Bornhöved (modern-day Neumünster), obliging these 'northerners' to submit and give hostages against their future good behavior. In the coming years they are granted areas of present-day Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848766#Europe", "title": "798", "revid": 1340848766, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 845, "year_label": "845 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Viking forces destroy Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342044538#Europe", "title": "845", "revid": 1342044538, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1189, "year_label": "1189 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Frederick I grants Hamburg the status of a free imperial city and tax-free access (or free-trade zone) up the Lower Elbe into the North Sea. He also grants the right to fish, to cut trees and the freedom of military service.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168718#Continental_Europe", "title": "1189", "revid": 1362168718, "section": "Events › By place › Continental Europe"}}, {"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Stellau: Count Adolf III of Holstein is defeated by the Danish army under King Canute VI. Adolf retreats with his forces to Hamburg, where he is besieged and later captured by Duke Valdemar of Schleswig.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#Europe", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1227, "year_label": "1227 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – Battle of Bornhöved: Count Adolf IV of Holstein – leading a coalition army from the cities of Lübeck and Hamburg, defeats the Danish-German forces of King Valdemar II, and the Welf nobleman Otto I (the Child). Adolf shakes off Danish supremacy and accepts an overlordship by the Archbishopric of Bremen under Archbishop Gerhard II of Lippe. Adolf expands his power and establishes new frontiers within the Holy Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488499#Europe", "title": "1227", "revid": 1367488499, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1435, "year_label": "1435 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Peace of Vordingborg is signed, ending the war between the Hanseatic League of German cities (Hamburg, Lübeck, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar) and the Scandinavian Kalmar Union of Denmark and Sweden. King Eric VII of Denmark and Adolph VIII, Count of Holstein sign, along with Hein Hoyer, representing the League, at Vordingborg Castle. Denmark cedes the Duchy of Schleswig to Holstein and agrees to stop interfering with the League, to end ten years of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372061#July–September", "title": "1435", "revid": 1370372061, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – George Frideric Handel's opera Nero premieres in Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#January–March", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Reinhard Keiser's opera Desiderius, König der Langobarden is premiered in Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#July–December", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock publishes the last five cantos of his epic poem Der Messias in Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#Date_unknown", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Founding date of the New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, in a schism with the Catholic Apostolic Church in Hamburg, Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#January", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "February 26", "text": "February 26 – The German Commerzbank is founded in Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496807#February", "title": "1870", "revid": 1362496807, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "A cholera outbreak occurs in Hamburg, Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372569087#Date_unknown", "title": "1892", "revid": 1372569087, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1912, "year_label": "1912 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – The Hamburg America Line's is launched in Hamburg and is the world's largest ship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503730#May", "title": "1912", "revid": 1373503730, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – The Neuengamme concentration camp opens near Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#December", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May", "text": "Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg is evacuated at about this date.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#May", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – Heavy storms and high tides result in the North Sea flood of 1962 on Germany's North Sea coast, mainly around Hamburg; more than 300 people die and thousands lose their homes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#February", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – Spiegel affair: German police occupy the offices of Der Spiegel in Hamburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#October", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Tennis player Monica Seles – at this time the top-ranked player in women's tennis – is stabbed during a match at the 1993 Citizen Cup in Hamburg, Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#April", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – Eschede train disaster: an Intercity-Express high-speed train derails between Hanover and Hamburg, Germany, causing 101 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#June", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › June"}}]}