{"slug": "hamdanid-dynasty", "label": "Hamdanid dynasty", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837187", "qid": "Q837187", "description": "Shia Islamic state in northern Mesopotamia and Syria from 890 to 1004", "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [895, 995], "span_label": ["895 CE", "995 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "sayf-al-dawla", "label": "Sayf al-Dawla", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "aleppo", "label": "Aleppo", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "fatimid-caliphate", "label": "Fatimid Caliphate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "arabbyzantine-wars", "label": "Arab–Byzantine wars", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nikephoros-ii-phokas", "label": "Nikephoros II Phokas", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mosul", "label": "Mosul", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "basil-ii", "label": "Basil II", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 895, "year_label": "895 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Hamdan ibn Hamdun, a Taghlibi Arab chieftain, is defeated and captured by Caliph Al-Mu'tadid at the fortress of Mardin (near modern Cizre). Hamdan's son Husayn enters Abbasid service, beginning the rise of the Hamdanid Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093921#Arabian_Empire", "title": "895", "revid": 1346093921, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 945, "year_label": "945 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Sayf al-Dawla is defeated by Muslim forces under Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid near Qinnasrin. He is forced to abandon his Syrian domains and flees to Raqqa. In October the two men come to an agreement, which recognizes Hamdanid rule over northern Syria, founding the Emirate of Aleppo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365595392#Arabian_Empire", "title": "945", "revid": 1365595392, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 946, "year_label": "946 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Baghdad: Along the banks of the Tigris, Buyid forces under Mu'izz al-Dawla defeat the Hamdanids for control of the city. They are forced to pay tax revenues and agree to recognize Al-Muti as the legitimate caliph.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512553#Arabian_Empire", "title": "946", "revid": 1341512553, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 948, "year_label": "948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Hamdanid forces under Sayf al-Dawla raid into Asia Minor. The Byzantines respond with reprisals led by Leo Phokas the Younger, taking captives and razing the walls of Hadath (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512591#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "948", "revid": 1341512591, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 949, "year_label": "949 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab-Byzantine War: Hamdanid forces under Sayf al-Dawla raid into the theme of Lykandos, but are defeated. The Byzantines counter-attack and seize Germanikeia, defeating an army from Tarsus, and raiding as far south as Antioch. General (strategos) Theophilos Kourkouas captures Theodosiopolis (modern-day Erzurum) after a 7-month siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365592042#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "949", "revid": 1365592042, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 950, "year_label": "950 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: A Hamdanid army (30,000 men) led by Sayf al-Dawla raids into Byzantine theme Anatolia. He defeats Bardas Phokas, but is then ambushed on his return and heavily defeated by Leo Phokas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260811#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "950", "revid": 1365260811, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 956, "year_label": "956 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Constantine VII appoints Nikephoros Phokas to commander of the Byzantine field army (Domestic of the Schools) in the East. He gives him order to prepare a campaign against the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla. Constantine makes treaties with neighbouring rulers, to seek military aid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917782#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "956", "revid": 1364917782, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October / November – Battle of Raban: The Byzantines under John Tzimiskes defeat the Hamdanid forces in northern Syria. Emir Sayf al-Dawla is forced to retreat – many of his court companions and ghilman fall in pursuit, while over 1,700 of his Turk cavalry are captured and paraded in the streets of Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 960, "year_label": "960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Battle of Andrassos: The Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger defeat the Hamdanid army (30,000 men) in an ambush in the passages of the Cilician mountains, in south Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). Emir Sayf al-Dawla barely manages to escape, and returns to Aleppo with only 300 horsemen. The Hamdanids can no longer afford to raid in Anatolia, which is a turning point in the Arab-Byzantine wars in the East.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272128#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "960", "revid": 1365272128, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 962, "year_label": "962 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Arab–Byzantine wars – Sack of Aleppo: A Byzantine expeditionary force under General Nikephoros Phokas invades northern Syria, and sacks Aleppo, capital of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla. In late December Aleppo is taken by storm, with the population killed or enslaved; the city is razed. The Byzantine army takes possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels and 1,400 mules.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513175#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "962", "revid": 1341513175, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Emir Nasir al-Dawla is deposed and imprisoned at Mosul after a 32-year reign by his son Abu Taghlib, the de facto governor, and supporters. He becomes the new ruler of the Emirate of Mosul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Arabian_Empire", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 969, "year_label": "969 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Siege of Antioch: Byzantine general Michael Bourtzes (during a night attack) seizes part of Antioch's fortifications. The capture of the city from the Hamdanids is completed three days later, when reinforcements under the stratopedarches Peter Phokas arrive. The Byzantine army then moves deeper into Syrian territory — besieging and taking the city of Aleppo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590679#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "969", "revid": 1365590679, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 977, "year_label": "977 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – 'Adud al-Dawla, ruler (shah) of the Buyid Dynasty, drives the Hamdanids out of Mosul and tries to unify the country. Abu Taghlib is forced to flee to the Byzantine city of Antzitene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908323#Arabian_Empire", "title": "977", "revid": 1341908323, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 983, "year_label": "983 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Fatimid troops under the defecting Hamdanid governor of Homs, Bakjur, attack Aleppo (modern Syria), but are repulsed through the intervention of the Byzantine army. Bardas Phokas (the Younger) sacks the city, while Bakjur flees to Fatimid territory in Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908613#Arabian_Empire", "title": "983", "revid": 1341908613, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 994, "year_label": "994 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Battle of the Orontes: Fatimid forces, under Turkish general Manjutakin (also the governor of Damascus), besiege Apamea (modern Syria). Emperor Basil II sends a Byzantine expeditionary army, led by Dux Michael Bourtzes, to relieve the city in alliance with the Hamdanid Dynasty. Manjutakin defeats the Hamdanids with his forces and attacks the Byzantine force in the rear. The Byzantine army panics and flees, losing some 5,000 men in the process.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350027284#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "994", "revid": 1350027284, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Basil II launches a counter-campaign against the Fatimid Caliphate. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary army (13,000 men) to aid the Hamdanid emir Sa'id al-Dawla, and crosses Asia Minor in only sixteen days. Basil lifts the siege of Aleppo, and takes over the Orontes Valley. He incorporates Syria into the Byzantine Empire (including the larger city of Antioch) which is the seat of its eponymous Patriarch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Events › Asia › Byzantine Empire"}}]}