{"slug": "hamilcar-barca", "label": "Hamilcar Barca", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185101", "qid": "Q185101", "description": "Carthaginian general (c. 275 – 228 BC)", "entries": 15, "years": 12, "span": [-274, -220], "span_label": ["275 BCE", "221 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "carthage", "label": "Carthage", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "sicily", "label": "Sicily", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "hannibal", "label": "Hannibal", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "africa", "label": "Africa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "celts", "label": "Celts", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "marseille", "label": "Marseille", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "first-punic-war", "label": "First Punic War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hispania", "label": "Hispania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mediterranean", "label": "Mediterranean", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -274, "year_label": "275 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian general, statesman and father of Hannibal (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1164823364#Births", "title": "275 BC", "revid": 1164823364, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -269, "year_label": "270 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hamilcar Barca, founder of Barcid Spain and leading Carthaginian general who will fight against Rome in Sicily and Italy, against the Libyans and the mercenary revolt in Africa, and against the Iberians and Celti-Iberians in Spain (d. 228 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317756359#Births", "title": "270 BC", "revid": 1317756359, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "With Hamilcar Barca wearing the Romans down in Sicily, the Romans, by private subscription, build another fleet with the aim of regaining command of the sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Roman_Republic", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -243, "year_label": "244 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hamilcar Barca transfers his army to the slopes of Mount Eryx, from which he is able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370482239#Carthage", "title": "244 BC", "revid": 1370482239, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -240, "year_label": "241 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Carthaginians under Hamilcar Barca are forced to accept severe peace terms and agree to evacuate Sicily. As part of the treaty with Rome, Carthage agrees to abandon all its claims on Sicily, to refrain from sailing her warships in Italian waters and to pay an indemnity of 3,200 talents. However, the Carthaginian army is allowed to return home with its arms. Rome is now the dominant power in the Western Mediterranean basin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304843215#Roman_Republic", "title": "241 BC", "revid": 1304843215, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -239, "year_label": "240 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Carthage decides to give Hamilcar Barca joint command with Hanno the Great. Hamilcar Barca is able to end the siege of Utica by the mercenaries. He is then placed in complete command of the Carthaginian forces and defeats the mercenaries in the Battle of the Bagradas River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1191165485#Carthage", "title": "240 BC", "revid": 1191165485, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -238, "year_label": "239 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Concerned that Hamilcar Barca's leniency in pardoning those who he has captured who have participated in the Mercenary War will encourage others to defect, Mathos and Spendius order the mutilation and execution of \"about seven hundred\" Carthaginian prisoners, including Gesco. With the mercenaries jointly guilty of these atrocities, defectors dare not face Carthaginian justice under Hamilcar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1212004865#Carthage", "title": "239 BC", "revid": 1212004865, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -237, "year_label": "238 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hamilcar Barca strikes at the supply lines of the mercenary army besieging Carthage, forcing them to cease the siege of the city. He then fights a series of running engagements with the mercenary armies, keeping them off balance. Hamilcar manages to force the mercenary armies into a box canyon in the Battle of \"The Saw\". The mercenaries are besieged in the canyon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342094383#Carthage", "title": "238 BC", "revid": 1342094383, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -236, "year_label": "237 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hamilcar Barca's success in defeating the rebels results in a growth in his strength as leader of Carthage's popular party and support for his proposed invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. However, as spokesman for the landed nobility, Hanno opposes the policy of foreign conquest pursued by Hamilcar Barca.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332615643#Carthage", "title": "237 BC", "revid": 1332615643, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -236, "year_label": "237 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Istolatios, warlord of the Turdetani (Iberian Peninsula), crucified by Hamilcar Barca (father of Hannibal)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332615643#Deaths", "title": "237 BC", "revid": 1332615643, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -230, "year_label": "231 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Romans send envoys to Massilia (modern Marseille, France) to negotiate with the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca who is based there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276082373#Roman_Republic", "title": "231 BC", "revid": 1276082373, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -227, "year_label": "228 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca is killed in a battle in Hispania, ending his lengthy campaign to conquer the Iberian Peninsula for Carthage. In eight years, by force of arms and diplomacy, he has secured an extensive territory in the Iberian Peninsula, but his death in battle prevents him from completing the conquest. Command of his army in the Iberian Peninsula passes to his son-in-law Hasdrubal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326026286#Carthage", "title": "228 BC", "revid": 1326026286, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -227, "year_label": "228 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian general who has assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome, helped Carthage win the Mercenary War and brought extensive territory in the Iberian Peninsula under Carthaginian control (b. c. 270 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326026286#Deaths", "title": "228 BC", "revid": 1326026286, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Carthaginian general Hasdrubal is murdered by a Celtic assassin while campaigning to increase the Carthaginian hold on Spain. Following the assassination of Hasdrubal, Hannibal, the son of the Carthaginian general, Hamilcar Barca, is proclaimed commander-in-chief by the army and his appointment is confirmed by the Carthaginian government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#Iberian_Peninsula", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Events › By place › Iberian Peninsula"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hasdrubal, Carthaginian general and son-in-law of Hamilcar Barca (assassinated) (b. c. 270 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#Deaths", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Deaths"}}]}