{"slug": "henry-i-of-england", "label": "Henry I of England", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101384", "qid": "Q101384", "description": "King of England from 1100 to 1135 (1068–1135)", "entries": 30, "years": 29, "span": [1068, 1151], "span_label": ["1068 CE", "1151 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "empress-matilda", "label": "Empress Matilda", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "duchy-of-normandy", "label": "Duchy of Normandy", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "stephen-king-of-england", "label": "Stephen, King of England", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "geoffrey-plantagenet-count-of-anjou", "label": "Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "robert-curthose", "label": "Robert Curthose", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "county-of-anjou", "label": "County of Anjou", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "david-i-of-scotland", "label": "David I of Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "william-ii-of-england", "label": "William II of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "county-of-boulogne", "label": "County of Boulogne", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Henry I, king of England (approximate date) (d. 1135)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Births", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1090, "year_label": "1090 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Juliane de Fontevrault, illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154341#Births", "title": "1090", "revid": 1362154341, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – King William II of England invades western Normandy with a large army. His brothers, Henry and Robert Curthose, mobilize mercenary forces to resist him during a siege at Mont-Saint-Michel. Under terms of the Treaty of Caen, estates on the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy are surrendered to William, matters being concluded in August.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Britain_and_France", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Britain and France"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – King William II of England (William Rufus) dies in a hunting accident in the New Forest. Sir Walter Tirel is accused of having shot the arrow, but flees the country to avoid a trial. Henry I claims the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Europe", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Robert Curthose lands at Portsmouth with an army in an effort to take the English throne from his younger brother, Henry I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#England", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Henry I captures Arundel Castle after having besieged Earl Robert of Bellême. Robert loses his English lands (as did his brothers Roger the Poitevin and Arnulf de Montgomery) and is banished to Normandy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#England", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, again goes into exile after a dispute with King Henry I over the appointment of bishops and abbots to important Church positions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Britain", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1105, "year_label": "1105 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Henry I invades Normandy, takes Bayeux (after a short siege) and Caen. He advances on Falaise, and starts inconclusive peace negotiations with Duke Robert II. Henry withdraws to deal with political issues at home.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268232#England", "title": "1105", "revid": 1365268232, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1106, "year_label": "1106 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Battle of Tinchebray: King Henry I defeats and imprisons his older brother Robert II, duke of Normandy, in Devizes Castle. Edgar Atheling (uncle of Henry's wife) and the 3-year-old William Clito, son of Robert, are also taken prisoner. Henry places his nephew William in the custody of Helias of Saint-Saens, count of Arques.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266175#Europe", "title": "1106", "revid": 1365266175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1107, "year_label": "1107 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – King Edgar dies at Edinburgh Castle after a 9-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Alexander I, who is married to Sybilla of Normandy (an illegitimate daughter of King Henry I). A split of unity, between Alexander and his younger brother David I, makes David co-ruler in Lothian and Strathclyde (Southern Scotland). He does not receive the title of king, but of \"Prince of the Cumbrians\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266728#Scotland", "title": "1107", "revid": 1365266728, "section": "Events › By place › Scotland"}}, {"year": 1110, "year_label": "1110 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Henry V marries 8-year-old Matilda (daughter of King Henry I of England). She is crowned Queen of the Romans in a ceremony at Mainz. After the betrothal Matilda is placed into custody of Bruno, archbishop of Trier, who is tasked with educating her in German culture, manners and government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368871350#Europe", "title": "1110", "revid": 1368871350, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1111, "year_label": "1111 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rebellion on the borders of Normandy against the rule there of Henry I of England; Robert of Bellême is a leader of the rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268639#Europe", "title": "1111", "revid": 1365268639, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1114, "year_label": "1114 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Emperor Henry V marries Matilda (or Maude), 11-year-old daughter of King Henry I of England, at Worms (modern Germany). A political conflict breaks out across the Holy Roman Empire after the marriage, triggered when Henry arrests Chancellor Adalbert and various other German princes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184492#Europe", "title": "1114", "revid": 1369184492, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1118, "year_label": "1118 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A rebellion against Henry I of England breaks out in Normandy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269195#France", "title": "1118", "revid": 1365269195, "section": "Events › By place › France"}}, {"year": 1119, "year_label": "1119 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Battle of Brémule: King Henry I of England defeats King Louis VI (\"the Fat\") of France and his 400 knights in Normandy. A skirmish that begins with the French launching a fierce but disordered attack, and ends with the French turning tail. Louis agrees to make peace and formally recognizes William Adelin as duke of Normandy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361127585#Europe", "title": "1119", "revid": 1361127585, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1120, "year_label": "1120 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Henry I gives a portion of the Stoneleigh estate (located in Warwickshire) to Geoffrey de Clinton, his chamberlain and treasurer. He builds a motte and bailey castle and forms a lake to provide better defences.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1298169999#England", "title": "1120", "revid": 1298169999, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1120, "year_label": "1120 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Matilda FitzRoy, countess and daughter of Henry I", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1298169999#Deaths", "title": "1120", "revid": 1298169999, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1121, "year_label": "1121 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Adeliza of Louvain, age 17, marries King Henry I of England two months after the accidental death of the heir to the English throne, Henry's only legitimate son, William Adelin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154597#England", "title": "1121", "revid": 1362154597, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – St Bartholomew’s Hospital in London, commonly known as Barts, is founded by Rahere, a favourite courtier of King Henry I; it is now the oldest hospital in the United Kingdom operating on its original site.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#January–March", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By date › January–March"}}, {"year": 1125, "year_label": "1125 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Henry I of England arranges a marriage between his nephew Stephen of Blois and the 20-year-old Matilda, daughter and heiress of Eustace III, count of Boulogne. This gives Stephen control of the County of Boulogne and also lands in England that have belonged to Eustace (who dies on his return from the Holy Land).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270881#England", "title": "1125", "revid": 1365270881, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1126, "year_label": "1126 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Shrewsbury Castle is granted by King Henry I to his second wife, Queen Adeliza of Louvain (or Adelicia). The command of the castle is given to William FitzAlan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368526441#Britain", "title": "1126", "revid": 1368526441, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1127, "year_label": "1127 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Henry I of England arranges the marriage of his daughter Matilda (the widow of Emperor Henry V) to the 14-year-old Geoffrey of Anjou (son of Count Fulk V). This is done to ensure an alliance between England and Anjou, and to prevent Fulk allying with Louis VI. Henry has the English nobles swear allegiance to Matilda as the rightful heir to the throne. Upon his death, her cousin Stephen of Blois crosses the channel and usurps her throne, becoming the King of England. She wages a lengthy civil war known as the Anarchy, which lasts from 1135–1154.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348045996#England", "title": "1127", "revid": 1348045996, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1128, "year_label": "1128 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – King Henry I of England marries his only legitimate daughter, dowager Empress Matilda, to the 14-year-old Geoffrey Plantagenet (\"the Fair\"), count of Anjou, at Le Mans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348046025#Europe", "title": "1128", "revid": 1348046025, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1129, "year_label": "1129 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Henry of Blois becomes bishop of Winchester after the death of William Giffard (who was also Lord Chancellor to King Henry I) in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329978071#Religion", "title": "1129", "revid": 1329978071, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – King Henry I dies at Lyons-la-Forêt in Normandy after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Blois (grandson of William the Conqueror), who asserts his claim to the throne in opposition to claims by Henry's daughter Matilda (prolonged in a civil war known as The Anarchy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#England", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Treaty of Durham: A peace treaty is signed by Stephen and David I. The Scots are allowed to keep Carlisle and a part of Cumberland in return for stopping their advance. David refuses an oath of allegiance, as his loyalties rest with Matilda (daughter of the late King Henry I).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Britain", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Stephen sails to Normandy to confront Geoffrey V (the Fair) and the Angevins, who are attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen has some success, he is not able to recapture Normandy from Matilda, daughter and heiress of the late King Henry I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Britain", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Battle of the Standard: King David I of Scotland gives his full support to Matilda (daughter of the late King Henry I), and invades the north of England – travelling as far south as Lincolnshire. The Scottish army (some 15,000 men) is defeated by English forces under Earl William le Gros in Yorkshire. David retreats to Carlisle and reassembles an army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Britain", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Battle of Wilton: Earl Robert of Gloucester (illegitimate son of the late King Henry I) defeats the English forces of King Stephen during a surprise attack at Wilton Abbey. In the darkness, Stephen escapes, while his steward William Martel fights a rearguard action to delay the pursuers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#England", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1151, "year_label": "1151 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Adeliza of Louvain, queen of Henry I of England (b. 1103)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368252433#Deaths", "title": "1151", "revid": 1368252433, "section": "Deaths"}}]}