{"slug": "henry-iv-of-france", "label": "Henry IV of France", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936976", "qid": "Q936976", "description": "King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610 (1553-1610)", "entries": 34, "years": 21, "span": [1518, 1610], "span_label": ["1518 CE", "1610 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 17}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "huguenot", "label": "Huguenot", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-france", "label": "Henry III of France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "marie-de-medici", "label": "Marie de' Medici", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "normandy", "label": "Normandy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexander-farnese-duke-of-parma", "label": "Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-xiii", "label": "Louis XIII", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "florence", "label": "Florence", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-brittany", "label": "Duchy of Brittany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-navarre", "label": "Kingdom of Navarre", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – King Antoine of Navarre, father of Henry IV of France (d. 1562)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#Births", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – King Antoine of Navarre, father of Henry IV of France (b. 1518)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#Deaths", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Huguenot forces under Gaspard II de Coligny and 15-year-old Prince Henry of Navarre begin the siege of Poitiers, a Roman Catholic stronghold. The siege fails and the Huguenots depart on September 7.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#July–September", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre marries Margaret of Valois, sister of King Charles and daughter of Catherine de' Medici, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#July–September", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – King Henry of Navarre, captive in France since 1572 and alive only because he converted to Catholicism, escapes to Tours and formally reverts to the Protestant faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#January–March", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – With the death of the Duc d'Anjou, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre becomes heir-presumptive to the throne of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#April–June", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – King Henry III of Navarre, who is also the heir presumptive to France's King Henry III, is excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Sixtus V, who effectively declares that French Catholics are not required to recognize his claim to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#July–September", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Battle of Coutras: Huguenot forces under Henry of Navarre defeat Royalist forces under Anne de Joyeuse, favorite of King Henry III of France; Joyeuse is killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#October–December", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Following the death of Henry III of France, his army is thrown into confusion and an attempt to retake Paris is abandoned. Henry of Navarre succeeds to the throne as King Henry IV of France, but is not recognized by the Catholic League, who acclaim the imprisoned Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, as the rightful King of France, Charles X.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#July–September", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Henry IV of France is repulsed in an attempt to capture Paris from the Catholic League.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#October–December", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Battle of Arques: King Henry IV of France's forces defeat those of the Catholic League, under Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne (younger brother of Henry I, Duke of Guise).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#July–September", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Battle of Ivry: Henry IV of France again defeats the forces of the Catholic League, under Charles, Duke of Mayenne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#January–March", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – King Henry of Navarre, claimant to the throne of France, begins an unsuccessful attempt to besiege Paris, at the time controlled by the Catholic League. By August 30, Henry is forced to raise the siege, when Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma comes to its rescue with a Spanish army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#April–June", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to lift the siege of Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#July–September", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Pope Gregory XIV excommunicates King Henry IV of France and orders the clergy, nobles, judicial functionaries and the Third Estate of France to renounce the nation's king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#January–March", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Sir John Norreys, with an expeditionary force sent by Queen Elizabeth I of England, takes the town of Guingamp in Brittany after a brief siege, on behalf of Henry of Navarre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#April–June", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – King Henry IV of France begins the siege of Rouen, the Spanish-held capital of Normandy. The Spanish Navy arrives after five months and King Henry abandons the siege on April 20.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#October–December", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1592, "year_label": "1592 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Negotiations begin for the annulment of the childless marriage of Henry IV of France and Marguerite of Valois.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477183#Date_unknown", "title": "1592", "revid": 1362477183, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1592, "year_label": "1592 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – King Henry IV of France ends the siege of Rouen, the Spanish-held capital of Normandy, five months after its November 11 commencement, as the Spanish Navy arrives to relieve the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477183#April–June", "title": "1592", "revid": 1362477183, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1592, "year_label": "1592 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – The future Henry IV of France, King designate of Henry III of France, announces in a declaration, so-called \"Expedient,\" his intention to take instruction in, and convert to, the Catholic religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477183#April–June", "title": "1592", "revid": 1362477183, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1593, "year_label": "1593 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – As he promised in January, Henry IV of France abjures Protestantism at the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Legend attributes to him the saying Paris vaut bien une messe (\"Paris is well worth a mass\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972668#July–September", "title": "1593", "revid": 1351972668, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – French university student Jean Châtel attempts to assassinate King Henry IV of France, after gaining entrance into the King's office. Châtel attacks the monarch with a knife and causes a minor injury. After court jester Mathurine de Vallois intervenes, she detains Châtel until the King's bodyguard can carry out the arrest. Two days later, Chatel is executed by dismemberment. The Collège de Clermont, the Jesuit institution, where Châtel was a student, is closed, and the order of the Jesuits is temporarily banned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#October–December", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – The coronation of Henry IV as King of France takes place at Chartres Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#January–March", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – During the French Wars of Religion, King Henry IV of France declares war on Spain, ordering Henry, Duke of Bouillon to lead armies through Luxembourg for an attack on the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#January–March", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – Battle of Fontaine-Française: Henry IV of France defeats the Spanish, but is nearly killed due to his rashness.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#April–June", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1596, "year_label": "1596 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – King Henry IV of France (who was originally King Henry III of the Kingdom of Navarre) declares Navarre to be permanently separate of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369722581#October–December", "title": "1596", "revid": 1369722581, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Amiens is retaken from the Spanish by Anglo-French forces, led by Henry IV of France, after a four-month siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#July–September", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – Edict of Nantes (promulgated April 30): Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics; this is considered the end of the French Wars of Religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#April–June", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – A marriage contract is signed as part of the treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between King Henry IV of France and Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, providing for King Henry's niece, Catherine of Bourbon, to marry Duke Charles's son, Henry of Lorraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#July–September", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – The Duchy of Brittany in France is conquered by King Henry IV, who forces the surrender of Philippe Louis de Lorraine-Mercœur, Duke of Brittany. Merceur is then exiled to Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#January–March", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1599, "year_label": "1599 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – Gabrielle d'Estrées, mistress of King Henry IV of France (b. 1573)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325746#Deaths", "title": "1599", "revid": 1373325746, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1600, "year_label": "1600 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – The première of Jacopo Peri's Euridice, the earliest known fully surviving work of modern opera, takes place in Florence for the wedding of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. Emilio de' Cavalieri stages the production.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360196741#October–December", "title": "1600", "revid": 1360196741, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – The Treaty of Brussol is signed between Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and a representative of King Henry IV of France, at a meeting at Bruzolo near Turin. The agreement for France and Savoy to remove Spanish occupiers from Italy, is never carried out because King Henry is assassinated one month later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#April–June", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – King Henry IV of France is assassinated in Paris by François Ravaillac, a French Catholic activist who resents the Protestant monarch's decision to launch a war against the Catholic Spanish Netherlands. Ravaillac rushes up to a horse-drawn carriage and stabs King Henry in the chest. Henry's 8-year-old son becomes King Louis XIII, with Henry's widow, Marie de' Medici, governing France as queen regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#April–June", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}