{"slug": "henry-viii", "label": "Henry VIII", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38370", "qid": "Q38370", "description": "King of England from 1509 to 1547 (1491–1547)", "entries": 68, "years": 38, "span": [1479, 1982], "span_label": ["1479 CE", "1982 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 22}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 10}, {"title": "Births", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "catherine-of-aragon", "label": "Catherine of Aragon", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "henry-vii-of-england", "label": "Henry VII of England", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "francis-i-of-france", "label": "Francis I of France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "church-of-england", "label": "Church of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "elizabeth-i", "label": "Elizabeth I", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "parliament-of-england", "label": "Parliament of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "louis-xii", "label": "Louis XII", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "thomas-cranmer", "label": "Thomas Cranmer", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1479, "year_label": "1479 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – Catherine of York, English princess, aunt of Henry VIII (d. 1527)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359855824#Births", "title": "1479", "revid": 1359855824, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1499, "year_label": "1499 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Catherine of Aragon, the future first wife of Henry VIII, is married by proxy to his brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369343359#April–June", "title": "1499", "revid": 1369343359, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Anthony Denny, confidant of Henry VIII of England (d. 1559)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#Births", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon arrives in England and arrives at Plymouth. Although she will later become the wife of King Henry VIII in 1509, she initially arrives to marry Henry's older brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#October–December", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Elizabeth Blount, English courtier, mistress of King Henry VIII (d. 1540)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367622674#Births", "title": "1502", "revid": 1367622674, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1503, "year_label": "1503 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – Representatives of King Henry VII of England and Queen Isabella of Spain sign a treaty for 12-year-old Henry, Prince of Wales to be married to Catherine of Aragon, widow of King Henry's son Arthur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366510845#April–June", "title": "1503", "revid": 1366510845, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1504, "year_label": "1504 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – The investiture of Prince Henry of England as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester takes place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936803#January–March", "title": "1504", "revid": 1365936803, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1505, "year_label": "1505 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – The future King Henry VIII repudiates his engagement to Catherine of Aragon, at his father's command.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582113#April–June", "title": "1505", "revid": 1360582113, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1506, "year_label": "1506 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – Henry, Prince of Wales is made a Knight of the Golden Fleece by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141766#January–March", "title": "1506", "revid": 1368141766, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Jane Seymour, third queen of Henry VIII (d. 1537)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#Births", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – England is left without a Roman Catholic Cardinal protector when Cardinal Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere dies suddenly. England's King Henry VII dies seven months later before the monarchy and the Pope can agree on a new cardinal protector. The King's successor, Henry VIII, later abolishes the office entirely after Lorenzo Campeggio dies in the course of the English Reformation and the creation of the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#July–September", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1509, "year_label": "1509 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Henry VIII becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry VII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369335853#April–June", "title": "1509", "revid": 1369335853, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1509, "year_label": "1509 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369335853#April–June", "title": "1509", "revid": 1369335853, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1509, "year_label": "1509 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – King Henry VIII and Queen Consort Catherine of Aragon are crowned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369335853#April–June", "title": "1509", "revid": 1369335853, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1510, "year_label": "1510 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – An 18-year-old Henry VIII jousts anonymously at Richmond, Surrey and draws applause, before revealing his identity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366972051#January–March", "title": "1510", "revid": 1366972051, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1511, "year_label": "1511 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – King Henry VIII of England opens the two-day Westminster Tournament to celebrate the birth (on January 1) of his son Prince Henry. Sadly, the infant prince dies on February 22, nine days after the tournament's end. The festivities are later memorialized in the 1511 Westminster Tournament Roll, a series of 36 separately painted pictures stitched together to form a roll almost 60 ft long and 14 inches (37.5 cm) wide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291242#January–March", "title": "1511", "revid": 1367291242, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1511, "year_label": "1511 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Henry VIII of England's flagship, the Mary Rose, is launched from Portsmouth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291242#July–September", "title": "1511", "revid": 1367291242, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Battle of the Spurs (or Battle of Guinegate, part of the War of the League of Cambrai): English and allied troops under Henry VIII defeat French cavalry under Marshal La Palice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#July–September", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – Thérouanne in the north of France is given to Henry VIII of England after a treaty is concluded in the aftermath of the Battle of the Spurs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#July–September", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Mary Tudor, sister of King Henry VIII, is married by proxy to France's King Louis XII in accordance with the August 7 peace treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#July–September", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – King Louis XII marries Mary Tudor (sister of King Henry VIII) at Abbeville, as part of the Kingdom of England's peace with France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#October–December", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Cardinal Thomas Wolsey orders construction to begin on what is to become Henry VIII's future summer residence Hampton Court Palace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#Date_unknown", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – The 3rd English Parliament of King Henry VIII closes with the King giving royal assent to the Avowries Act, the Kynges Revenues Act, the \"Acte for the Staple of Calice\" and \"the Act avoiding pulling down of Towns\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#October–December", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – King Henry VIII of England opens the English Parliament. Henry's chief advisor, Sir Thomas Nevill, is elected Speaker of the House of Commons", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#January–March", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Anne of Cleves, Fourth Queen of Henry VIII (d. 1557)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#Births", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Queen Mary I of England, daughter of King Henry VIII and Queen Catherine of Aragon (d. 1558)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#Births", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – In his capacity as Lord of Ireland, Henry VIII opens the first of six assemblies of parliament during his reign of the Parliament of Ireland at Dublin. The parliament holds three sessions, ending on October 2, when it is dismissed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#January–March", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – Sir John Ernley is selected as the new Chief Justice of the Common Pleas of England by King King Henry VIII to replace the late Robert Rede, who died on January 8. Emley. He is replaced as Attorney General for England and Wales by John FitzJames.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#January–March", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, illegitimate son of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1536)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#Births", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France meet at the famous Field of the Cloth of Gold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#April–June", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor visits King Henry VIII of England, and signs the Treaty of Windsor, pledging a joint invasion of France, bringing England into the Italian War of 1521–1526.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#April–June", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Henry VIII of England appoints his six-year-old illegitimate son Henry FitzRoy Duke of Richmond and Somerset.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#April–June", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Aylesbury is granted the county town of Buckinghamshire, England by King Henry VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#Date_unknown", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Peter Vannes, the Italian-born envoy for England's King Henry VIII, arrives in Rome on a mission to get Pope Clement VII to give a dispensation for King Henry to divorce one wife and marry another, with both marriages to be declared valid. The mission fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#January–March", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1532, "year_label": "1532 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Supplication against the Ordinaries is presented to Henry VIII by Thomas More the Speaker of the House of Commons. Henry responds by stating that the Commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament is prorogued until April 10.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818925#January–March", "title": "1532", "revid": 1368818925, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – King Henry VIII of England formally but secretly marries Anne Boleyn, who becomes his second queen consort.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#January–March", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England gives birth to a daughter, at Greenwich, a little more than three months after she and Henry were married. The King's second daughter, Elizabeth, will become the reigning monarch of England 25 years later and rule for more than 44 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#July–September", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – The Parliament of England passes the Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession, recognising the marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and their children as the legitimate heirs to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#January–March", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3– The English Reformation Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, establishing Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#October–December", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – After two months, the Pilgrimage of Grace ends at Pontefract Castle after Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk promises to present a list of 24 Articles of the pilgrims' demands, \"The Commons' Petition\", to King Henry VIII. The duke pledges a reprieve for abbeys from dissolution until Parliament can meet, and to obtain a general pardon for the rebel pilgrims.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#October–December", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – King Henry VIII of England is seriously injured when he falls from his horse at a jousting tournament in Greenwich, after which the fully armored horse falls on him. The King is unconscious for two hours, sustaining an injury to an ulcerated leg and a concussion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#January–March", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, illegitimate son of Henry VIII of England (b. 1519)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#Deaths", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Thomas Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn to be null and void.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#April–June", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Anne Boleyn, second queen of Henry VIII of England (executed) (b. c. 1501/1507)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#Deaths", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – Anne Boleyn, second queen of Henry VIII of England, is arrested on the grounds of incest, adultery, and treason.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#April–June", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#April–June", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Bigod's Rebellion, an uprising by Roman Catholics, led by Francis Bigod against Henry VIII of England and Protestant Rebellion, begins with an unsuccessful attempt to seize Scarborough Castle in Yorkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#January–March", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – A joint delegation of Lutherans from various German cities arrives in England for meetings with King Henry VIII; Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury; and Thomas Cromwell, the former Chief Minister of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#April–June", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Treaty of Toledo: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (aka Charles I of Spain) and Francis I of France agree to make no further alliances with England. The treaty comes after Henry VIII of England's split with Rome and Pope Paul III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#January–March", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – The Six Articles, an Act of the Parliament of England, is given royal assent reaffirms certain Catholic principles in Henry VIII's Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#April–June", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – King Henry VIII of England summons Parliament to meet, with the session to start on April 28.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#January–March", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – Henry VIII contracts to marry Anne of Cleves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#October–December", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. January – Elizabeth Blount, mistress of Henry VIII of England (b. 1502)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#Deaths", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – King Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort; the marriage lasts six months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#January–March", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Thomas Cromwell, is executed for treason publicly in London on the orders of king Henry VIII of England. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#July–September", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – English King Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort, is annulled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#July–September", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – King Henry VIII of England is first informed of that the Queen consort, Catherine Howard, has been having an affair with Thomas Culpeper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#October–December", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – The 8th Parliament of Henry VIII assembles at Westminster after having been summoned on November 23.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#January–March", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – The Parliament of Ireland passes the Crown of Ireland Act, which dissolves the title of Lord of Ireland and reestablishes it to the Kingdom of Ireland, with its last Lord, Henry VIII of England, becoming its first king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#April–June", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – King Henry VIII of England signs an agreement with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to invade France by June 20, 1544 with at least 35,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#October–December", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – King Henry VIII of England allies with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, against France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#January–March", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – King Henry VIII of England marries Catherine Parr. It is Henry's sixth and last marriage and Catherine's third. Princess Elizabeth attends the wedding. This month, the Parliament of England passes the Third Succession Act, restoring the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth, Henry's daughters, to the line of succession to the English throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#July–September", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Mary Boleyn, English courtier, mistress of Kings Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England (b. 1500)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#Deaths", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1547, "year_label": "1547 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – Catherine Parr, the former Queen consort of England and widow of King Henry VIII, publishes her book The Lamentation of a Sinner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369359234#October–December", "title": "1547", "revid": 1369359234, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1548, "year_label": "1548 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – Catherine Parr, sixth and last Queen of Henry VIII of England (b. c. 1512)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656469#Deaths", "title": "1548", "revid": 1366656469, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – Anne of Cleves, fourth queen of Henry VIII of England (b. 1515)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#Deaths", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – On her deathbed, Queen Mary of England designates her half-sister, Elizabeth, as her successor. Both Mary and Elizabeth are daughters of the late King Henry VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#October–December", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – The Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII of England that sank in 1545, is raised from the Solent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#October", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › October"}}]}