{"slug": "herat", "label": "Herat", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herat", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45313", "qid": "Q45313", "description": "capital of Herat Province, Afghanistan", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [-329, 2001], "span_label": ["330 BCE", "2001 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "balkh", "label": "Balkh", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "greater-khorasan", "label": "Greater Khorasan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rashidun-army", "label": "Rashidun army", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nader-shah", "label": "Nader Shah", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "parthia", "label": "Parthia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bactria", "label": "Bactria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "silk-road", "label": "Silk Road", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hellenistic-civilization", "label": "Hellenistic civilization", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gokturks", "label": "Göktürks", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -329, "year_label": "330 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Aria, Alexander's army defeats the satrap Satibarzanes, who initially offers to submit, only to later revolt. Alexander then founds the town of Alexandria of the Arians (modern Herat).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554346#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "330 BC", "revid": 1326554346, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -166, "year_label": "167 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Parthians capture the key central Asian city of Herat. This victory effectively chokes off the movement of trade along the Silk Road to China and means that the Hellenic kingdom of Bactria is doomed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340086150#Parthia", "title": "167 BC", "revid": 1340086150, "section": "Events › By place › Parthia"}}, {"year": 589, "year_label": "589 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Perso-Turkic War: The Sassanid Persians capture the cities Balkh and Herat (Afghanistan). They cross the Oxus River and repulse a Turkic invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654394#Persia", "title": "589", "revid": 1366654394, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 651, "year_label": "651 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Rashidun army under Abdullah ibn Aamir invades Afghanistan, and captures the main forts in Khorasan (modern Iran). The Muslim Arabs occupy the cities of Balkh and Herat, which surrender peacefully.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804418#Arabian_Caliphate", "title": "651", "revid": 1340804418, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Caliphate"}}, {"year": 819, "year_label": "819 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ghassan ibn Abbad, the Abbasid governor of Khorasan rewards the Samanid brothers, Nuh, Ahmad, Yahya and ilyas for their aid against the rebel Rafi ibn al-Layth, rewarding them each important cities and territories, respectively Samarkand, Farghana, Tashkent and Herat, to govern under Abbasid suzerainty. This becomes the basis for the formation of the Samanid dynasty which will rule Khorasan for a century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941210#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "819", "revid": 1340941210, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1221, "year_label": "1221 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "February – The cities of Merv (perhaps the world's largest up to this date), Herat and Nishapur which have peacefully surrendered rise up in arms. Genghis Khan sends his son Tolui to spend an extra month to subdue the revolts. Contemporary scholars report over a million people are systematically killed in a genocide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363300593#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1221", "revid": 1363300593, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1222, "year_label": "1222 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Genghis Khan’s armies were said to have killed approximately 1.6 million people in the city of Herat, in Northwestern Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224827#Asia", "title": "1222", "revid": 1371224827, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – At Herat, Ulugh Beg (born Mirza Muhammad Taraghay) becomes the new ruler of the Timurid Empire upon the death of his father Sharukh Mirza, who had reigned for 42 years. The Empire is in decline but still controls most of what is now Afghanistan as well as parts of Iraq and Pakistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486325#January–March", "title": "1447", "revid": 1359486325, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1450, "year_label": "1450 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād, Persian leader of the Herat school", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358834049#Births", "title": "1450", "revid": 1358834049, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1469, "year_label": "1469 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – With Abu Sa'id Mirza having been killed at the battle of Qarabagh, the Timurid prince, Sultan Husayn Bayqara captures Herat (now in Afghanistan), the capital of the Timurid Empire, and proclaims himself the Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365666063#January–March", "title": "1469", "revid": 1365666063, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1507, "year_label": "1507 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Timurid Dynasty ends, when Uzbeks under Muhammad Shaybani capture the capital, Herat, and Emir Badi' al-Zaman Mirza flees.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367240730#Date_unknown", "title": "1507", "revid": 1367240730, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – In Qazvin, the Shah of Iran Tahmasp I, becomes enraged with the sexual orientation of his son Ismail II, and sends Ismail to Afghanistan to serve as the Iranian governor of Herat province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#April–June", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Herat Campaign: General Nader Shah of Persia (now Iran) suppresses the rebellion by Zulfiqar Khan in the city of Herat in what is now Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369314491#January–March", "title": "1732", "revid": 1369314491, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 2001, "year_label": "2001 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – 2001 uprising in Herat: Northern Alliance forces take the city of Herat from the Taliban.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373523156#November", "title": "2001", "revid": 1373523156, "section": "Events › November"}}]}