{"slug": "hernan-cortes", "label": "Hernán Cortés", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7326", "qid": "Q7326", "description": "Spanish conquistador", "entries": 12, "years": 8, "span": [1511, 1530], "span_label": ["1511 CE", "1530 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "tenochtitlan", "label": "Tenochtitlan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mesoamerica", "label": "Mesoamerica", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aztec", "label": "Aztec", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-spain", "label": "New Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cuba", "label": "Cuba", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pacific-ocean", "label": "Pacific Ocean", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1511, "year_label": "1511 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Diego Velázquez and Hernán Cortés conquer Cuba; Velázquez is appointed Governor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291242#Date_unknown", "title": "1511", "revid": 1367291242, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Vasco Núñez de Balboa first sees what will become known as the Pacific Ocean from the Isthimus of Darién. This moment is later referenced in a poem by John Keats called \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\" with the line \"silent upon a peak in Darién\" although he mistakenly references Hernán Cortés as the one who saw the Pacific from Darién.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#July–September", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 (Maundy Thursday) – Hernán Cortés reaches San Juan de Ulúa, and sets foot the next day (Good Friday) on the beach of modern-day Veracruz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#April–June", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores depart from Cuba toward the island of Cozumel in Mexico to begin a mission of conquest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#January–March", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores land in Mexico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#January–March", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire, and appears at the court of Aztec ruler Moctezuma II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#October–December", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Hernán Cortés and his men, accompanied by 3,000 Tlaxcalans, enter Cholula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#October–December", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – La Noche Triste (Night of Sorrow): The forces of Cuitláhuac, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, gain a major victory against the forces of conquistador Hernán Cortés. This results in the death of about 400 conquistadors, and some 2,000 of their Native American allies. However, Cortés and the most skilled of his men manage to escape and later regroup.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#July–September", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1521, "year_label": "1521 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Fall of Tenochtitlan: Cuauhtémoc surrenders to Cortés, thus incorporating the Aztec Empire into the Spanish Empire and ending the Late Postclassic period in Mesoamerica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369246997#July–September", "title": "1521", "revid": 1369246997, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – At Coyoacán in Mexico (at the time, the colony of New Spain) Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés sends his third report to the Emperor Carlos V, describing the events of the last two years, including the conquest of Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#April–June", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – The last Aztec Emperor, Cuauhtémoc, is killed by Hernán Cortés.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#January–March", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Sent on a mission to penetrate the interior of Mexico and to conquer the Kingdom of Michoacán, the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés leads a group of soldiers across the Lerma river through Cuitzeo and proceeds northwest. They arrive at Tonalá on March 24 and then take possession of the regions south of the Santiago River and north and west of Lake Chapala.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#January–March", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}