{"slug": "hesse", "label": "Hesse", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199", "qid": "Q1199", "description": "state in the center of Germany", "entries": 12, "years": 12, "span": [722, 1743], "span_label": ["722 CE", "1743 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "thuringia", "label": "Thuringia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "saint-boniface", "label": "Saint Boniface", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "fulda-monastery", "label": "Fulda monastery", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "austrasia", "label": "Austrasia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saxon-wars", "label": "Saxon Wars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eresburg", "label": "Eresburg", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "paganism", "label": "Paganism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wessex", "label": "Wessex", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-martel", "label": "Charles Martel", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 722, "year_label": "722 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – Wessex-born Boniface is ordained as bishop of Germany by Pope Gregory II. Under the protection of Charles Martel (mayor of the palace), he concentrates his religious work in Hessia and Thuringia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808641#Religion", "title": "722", "revid": 1340808641, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 723, "year_label": "723 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Boniface, Anglo-Saxon missionary, fells Thor's Oak (a sacred tree) near Fritzlar in Hesse, marking the decisive event in the Christianization of the northern Germanic tribes (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904987#Religion", "title": "723", "revid": 1364904987, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 742, "year_label": "742 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sturm, disciple of Boniface, establishes the Benedictine Abbey of Fulda (present-day Hesse) in Germany (or 744).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809740#Religion", "title": "742", "revid": 1340809740, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 744, "year_label": "744 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sturm, disciple of Boniface, establishes the Benedictine Abbey of Fulda (Hesse), as part of Boniface's mission to bring Christianity to the pagan tribes in Germany (or 742).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305046877#Religion", "title": "744", "revid": 1305046877, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 774, "year_label": "774 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: Saxon raiders ravage much of northern Hesse (modern Germany), and burn the abbey at Fritzlar, putting the abbot and monks to the sword. Charlemagne hurriedly returns to Austrasia, assembles local troops, and recaptures Eresburg, before the approach of winter halts further operations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848019#Europe", "title": "774", "revid": 1340848019, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 775, "year_label": "775 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Charlemagne retakes the Hellweg (main corridor) along the Lippe Valley, establishing communications between Austrasia, Hesse and Thuringia. It is used as a trade route under Frankish supervision.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848014#Europe", "title": "775", "revid": 1340848014, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 778, "year_label": "778 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Saxon raiders destroy many churches deep in Frankish territory. The Benedictine monks of Fulda Abbey (modern-day Hesse) hurriedly carry the relics of Saint Boniface over the Rhön Mountains to safety.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081416#Religion", "title": "778", "revid": 1267081416, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1247, "year_label": "1247 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "War of the Thuringian Succession: The claims on the Ludovingians' inheritance after the death of Henry Raspe, landgrave of Thuringia, leads to a dispute over the succession territories of Thuringia and Hesse, between his niece Sophie of Thuringia and her cousin Henry III (\"the Illustrious\"), who claim the territories as fiefs of the Electorate of Mainz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480331#Europe", "title": "1247", "revid": 1362480331, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1264, "year_label": "1264 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The War of the Thuringian Succession ends after 17 years with the state of Hesse gaining its independence from Thuringia and becoming the Landgraviate of Hesse, a principality of the Holy Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334426011#Europe", "title": "1264", "revid": 1334426011, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Duke Frederick I of Brunswick-Lüneburg is assassinated after being identified as a rival to Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick, on his way back from a May 22 meeting of the prince-electors, is ambushed by a party of men led by Count Henry of Waldeck while passing through the village of Kleinenglis in the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont (now part of the German state of Hesse, near Borken).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#April–June", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1413, "year_label": "1413 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Ludwig becomes the new monarch of the German principality of Hesse upon the death of his father, Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357114633#April–June", "title": "1413", "revid": 1357114633, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 (June 16 O.S.) – War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Dettingen in Bavaria: British forces, in alliance with those of Hanover and Hesse, defeat a French army under the duc de Noailles; King George II of Great Britain (and Elector of Brunswick) leads his own troops, the last British king to do so.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#April–June", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}