{"slug": "holland", "label": "Holland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102911", "qid": "Q102911", "description": "region and former province in the western Netherlands", "entries": 16, "years": 14, "span": [1018, 1797], "span_label": ["1018 CE", "1797 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "zeeland", "label": "Zeeland", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "william-iii-of-england", "label": "William III of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "stadtholder", "label": "Stadtholder", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "september", "label": "September", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "county-of-hainaut", "label": "County of Hainaut", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-iv-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "amsterdam", "label": "Amsterdam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "habsburg", "label": "Habsburg", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-sea", "label": "North Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "flanders", "label": "Flanders", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1018, "year_label": "1018 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Battle of Vlaardingen: Henry II sends an army towards Holland to subdue the rebellious Count Dirk III. The Imperial forces are defeated near Vlaardingen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367470608#Europe", "title": "1018", "revid": 1367470608, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September", "text": "September – Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland are inherited by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and remain part of the imperial crown domain until 1347.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Events", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – Battle of Warns: The Frisians defeat the forces of Holland under William II, Count of Hainaut, in the midst of the Friso-Hollandic Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Events", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – The St. Elizabeth's flood of the North Sea devastates parts of Flanders, Zeeland and Holland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#October–December", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1481, "year_label": "1481 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – At the Battle of Westbroek, Holland defeats the troops of Utrecht.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936509#October–December", "title": "1481", "revid": 1365936509, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – Capture of Brielle: The Sea Beggars, Netherlandish Calvinist rebels, capture the port city of Brielle. This leads to a wave of uprisings in Holland and Zeeland against Spanish Habsburg rule, leaving most of those provinces (with the exception of Amsterdam) under rebel control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#April–June", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Documents for the Union of Delft are signed by Dutch leader Willem van Oranj to create a federation of Holland and Zeeland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#April–June", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – The second Union of Brussels is formed, first without the Protestant counties of Holland and Zeeland (which is accepted by King Philip II of Spain), later with the Protestants, which means open rebellion of the whole of the Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#January–March", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – Five of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic (with the exception of Zeeland and Holland) sign the Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours, recognizing Francis, Duke of Anjou as the Republic's sovereign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369376205#July–September", "title": "1580", "revid": 1369376205, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Tulip bulbs planted by Carolus Clusius in the Hortus Botanicus Leiden, Holland, flower for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#Date_unknown", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – Dutch captain Willem Schouten, in the Eendracht, rounds the southern tip of South America, and names it Kaap Hoorn, after his birthplace in Holland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#January–February", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – Prince Frederick Henry is sworn in as the stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#April–June", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland and his brother Cornelis de Witt are killed by an Orangist mob in The Hague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992116#July–September", "title": "1672", "revid": 1365992116, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – William III of Orange is appointed Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992116#July–September", "title": "1672", "revid": 1365992116, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1674, "year_label": "1674 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – In the Netherlands, the jurisdiction of Willem, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland (on the west coast, including Amsterdam and Rotterdam) and Zeeland (southwest coast, including Middelburg, Zeeland), increases in the Dutch Republic as his followers in the inland States of Utrecht (Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel) designate him as the hereditary stadtholder. In 1689, he becomes the King of England in addition to his role as the Stadtholder of the Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128656#April–June", "title": "1674", "revid": 1365128656, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Battle of Camperdown: the British Royal Navy defeats the fleet of the Batavian Republic off the coast of Holland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#October–December", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}