{"slug": "homage-feudal", "label": "Homage (feudal)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homage_%28feudal%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187484", "qid": "Q1187484", "description": "medieval oath of allegiance", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [888, 1327], "span_label": ["888 CE", "1327 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "lombardy", "label": "Lombardy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-spoleto", "label": "Duchy of Spoleto", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "capua", "label": "Capua", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "benevento", "label": "Benevento", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "salerno", "label": "Salerno", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "malcolm-iii-of-scotland", "label": "Malcolm III of Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 888, "year_label": "888 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Winter – King Arnulf of Carinthia leads an East Frankish expedition into Italy, after he is recognized as overlord of France and Burgundy. Arnulf descends with an army over the Brenner Pass, and meets King Berengar I at a peace conference at Trento. Berengar grants him two counties in the Val d'Adige (Northern Italy), and does homage to Arnulf as overlord. In turn, Arnulf confirms Berengar as king of Lombardia, and returns to Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347624107#Europe", "title": "AD 888", "revid": 1347624107, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 956, "year_label": "956 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Berengar of Ivrea dispatches a Lombard army under his son Adalbert II to counter Liudolf, while he guards Pavia himself. In two battles Liudolf defeats the Lombard forces and enters Pavia, there to receive the homage of the Italian nobles and clergy on behalf of Otto I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917782#Europe", "title": "956", "revid": 1364917782, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Otto I goes on a tour of the Lombard duchies of southern Italy. In Capua he grants Pandulf I (Ironhead) the vacant Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino and charges him with prosecuting the war against the Byzantine Empire. In Benevento, Otto receives the homage of Pandulf's brother and co-ruler Landulf III. In Salerno he receives also the support of Gisulf I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Europe", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1013, "year_label": "1013 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Henry II of Germany signs a peace treaty at Merseburg with Duke Bolesław I the Brave) of Poland. As part of the treaty, Bolesław pays homage and recognizes Henry as his overlord in exchange for receiving the March of Lusatia (including the town of Bautzen) and the March of Meissen as fiefs. To seal their peace, Bolesław's son Mieszko II marries Richeza of Lotharingia (granddaughter of the late Emperor Otto II).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212600#Europe", "title": "1013", "revid": 1342212600, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1047, "year_label": "1047 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (\"the Black\") travels to southern Italy, and deprives Guaimar IV of his title Duke of Apulia and Calabria. He receives homage from Drogo of Hauteville, who becomes \"Duke and Master of all Italy\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550348#Europe", "title": "1047", "revid": 1368550348, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – King Malcolm III of Scotland invades England, reaching as far south as Durham. The Normans led by William II and Robert march north to oppose the Scots, but a conflict is averted. Malcolm is forced to accept the terms of the Treaty of Abernethy (1072) and pays homage to William.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Britain_and_France", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Britain and France"}}, {"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Llywelyn the Great pays homage to John, King of England after Llywelyn has added Eifionydd and Llŷn to his kingdom of Gwynedd in north Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#British_Isles", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – Treaty of Worcester: King Henry III writes to the Welsh ruler Llywelyn the Great and promises safe-conduct if they meet at Worcester. A peace treaty is signed, which confirms Llywelyn's ownership of Wales. In return, Llywelyn agrees to pay homage to Henry and to return those castles that he has captured during his recent conquests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Britain", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – At Opava (in the modern-day Czech Republic), the Polish Silesian noble Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn swears homage to King John of Bohemia, \"the Blind\". In return, Casimir is granted Oświęcim (Auschwitz) as a fiefdom on February 23.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#January_–_March", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › January – March"}}]}