{"slug": "homs", "label": "Homs", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131301", "qid": "Q131301", "description": "city in western Syria", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [272, 1299], "span_label": ["272 CE", "1299 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}], "related": [{"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "aleppo", "label": "Aleppo", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "zenobia", "label": "Zenobia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shahrbaraz", "label": "Shahrbaraz", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chalcedon", "label": "Chalcedon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "fatimid-caliphate", "label": "Fatimid Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hamdanid-dynasty", "label": "Hamdanid dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "baghdad", "label": "Baghdad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edessa", "label": "Edessa", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 272, "year_label": "272 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Immae: Aurelian defeats the Palmyrene heavy cavalry (clibanarii) near Antioch. Queen Zenobia flees under cover of darkness to Emesa (Syria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371192173#Roman_Empire", "title": "272", "revid": 1371192173, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 613, "year_label": "613 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Antioch: Heraclius mobilises a Byzantine expeditionary force to Antioch (Syria), but is completely defeated outside the city by the Persians. Shahin Vahmanzadegan makes further inroads into Central and Western Anatolia. In Syria, Shahrbaraz captures the cities of Damascus, Apamea and Emesa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755983#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "613", "revid": 1364755983, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 634, "year_label": "634 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine forces (90,000 men according to Muslim sources) under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh (modern-day Israel). Heraclius, who is in Emesa, flees to Antioch upon hearing news of the battle's outcome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299946990#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "634", "revid": 1299946990, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 977, "year_label": "977 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emir Sa'd al-Dawla recovers his capital, Aleppo, from the ghulam Bakjur, who receives the governorship of Homs as compensation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908323#Arabian_Empire", "title": "977", "revid": 1341908323, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 983, "year_label": "983 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Fatimid troops under the defecting Hamdanid governor of Homs, Bakjur, attack Aleppo (modern Syria), but are repulsed through the intervention of the Byzantine army. Bardas Phokas (the Younger) sacks the city, while Bakjur flees to Fatimid territory in Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908613#Arabian_Empire", "title": "983", "revid": 1341908613, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Tripoli: The Crusaders under Raymond IV begin the siege of Tripoli (modern Lebanon). The garrison calls for assistance, but a Seljuk relief army from Damascus and Homs is defeated by Raymond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Levant", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1148, "year_label": "1148 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Zangid forces under Sayf al-Din arrive at Homs. Mu'in al-Din Unur sends a letter of ultimatum to the Crusader leaders to lift the siege of Damascus. Meanwhile, guerrilla attacks demoralise the Crusaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156256#Second_Crusade", "title": "1148", "revid": 1362156256, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1154, "year_label": "1154 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – Nur al-Din, Seljuk ruler (atabeg) of Aleppo, encamps before Damascus and overthrows Mujir al-Din by force with support of the Jewish citizens, who open the eastern gate to the bulk of his army. Mujir flees to the citadel, but capitulates after only a few hours. He is offered his life and the Emirate of Homs. A few weeks later Mujir is suspected of plotting with old friends in Damascus and is exiled to Baghdad. Damascus is annexed to Zangid territory and all of Syria is unified under the authority of Nur al-Din, from Edessa in the north to the Hauran to the south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164172#Levant", "title": "1154", "revid": 1362164172, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – The Crusaders assemble a force of some 1,000 cavalry and 6,000 men outside Acre, after hearing that Jerusalem is sacked by the Khwarazmians. They are joined by the Ayyubid forces (some 4,000 men) of Damascus and Homs – while Emir An-Nasir Dawud brings his army from Kerak.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Levant", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22–23 – Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar: Mongol forces under Ghazan Khan defeat a Mamluk army (some 30,000 men) north of Homs. Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad flees with the remnants of his army to Damascus. Ghazan splits his forces, one part sacks Damascus and besieges the citadel. Another part pursues the retreating Mamluks as far as Gaza, pushing them back to Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Levant", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}]}