{"slug": "house-of-lancaster", "label": "House of Lancaster", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lancaster", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105278", "qid": "Q105278", "description": "noble family", "entries": 12, "years": 10, "span": [1311, 1486], "span_label": ["1311 CE", "1486 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "wars-of-the-roses", "label": "Wars of the Roses", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tower-of-london", "label": "Tower of London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-vii-of-england", "label": "Henry VII of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edward-iv", "label": "Edward IV", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "richard-iii-of-england", "label": "Richard III of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "essex", "label": "Essex", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "coventry", "label": "Coventry", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "richard-neville-16th-earl-of-warwick", "label": "Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Bolingbroke Castle passes to the House of Lancaster.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#England", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "By place › England"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – In England, the \"Parliament of Devils\" (so called because it consists of Lancastrian supporters and Yorkist nobles are not invited) opens its session at Coventry in St Mary's Priory and Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366548241#October–December", "title": "1459", "revid": 1366548241, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Blore Heath in the Kingdom of England, Yorkists under Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, defeat a Lancastrian force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366548241#July–September", "title": "1459", "revid": 1366548241, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – The cannons of the Tower of London, still in Lancastrian hands, are fired on the city of London, which is mostly in Yorkist. The Tower is surrendered on July 19.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#July–September", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1463, "year_label": "1463 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – The Truce of Hesdin ends French support for the House of Lancaster in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359850172#October–December", "title": "1463", "revid": 1359850172, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1468, "year_label": "1468 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – The Lancastrians surrender Harlech Castle to King Edward IV after a seven-year siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561306#July–September", "title": "1468", "revid": 1369561306, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1470, "year_label": "1470 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Wars of the Roses in England – At the Battle of Losecoat Field, the House of York (supporters of King Edward IV) defeats the House of Lancaster (supporters of the former King Henry VI, led by Sir Robert Welles). Welles is captured and confesses that he had been hired by the Earl of Warwick and by King Edward's brother, George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence to overthrow the King. Warwick and Clarence flee England and Welles is beheaded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853032#January–March", "title": "1470", "revid": 1359853032, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1471, "year_label": "1471 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – At the Battle of Barnet, Edward defeats the Lancastrian army under Warwick, who is killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370196979#April–June", "title": "1471", "revid": 1370196979, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1471, "year_label": "1471 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – The siege of London is attempted by hundreds of supporters of England's House of Lancaster, who are attempting to free the former King Henry VI from imprisonment in the Tower of London. Led by Thomas Neville, the Lancastrians set cannons up on the south bank of the Thames and attempt to bombard London, but are unable to break the defense put up by Londoners led by Edward Woodville, Lord Scales, and the attack fails after three days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370196979#April–June", "title": "1471", "revid": 1370196979, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The Earl of Oxford, commander of what remains of the Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses against the Yorkists and King Edward IV of England, makes an unsuccessful attempt to land an army at Essex at the village of St Osyth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#April–June", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1483, "year_label": "1483 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – At Rennes Cathedral in France, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, leader of the House of Lancaster after Richard III of England of the House of York had seized the throne, pledges to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter the late King Edward IV, in order to strengthen his support for the overthrow of King Richard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369188840#October–December", "title": "1483", "revid": 1369188840, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1486, "year_label": "1486 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York are married, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York, and ceremonially ending the Wars of the Roses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369024065#January–March", "title": "1486", "revid": 1369024065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}