{"slug": "hungarians", "label": "Hungarians", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarians", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133032", "qid": "Q133032", "description": "ethnic group native to Central Europe", "entries": 25, "years": 25, "span": [839, 1886], "span_label": ["839 CE", "1886 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 19}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "arpad", "label": "Árpád", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "east-francia", "label": "East Francia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pechenegs", "label": "Pechenegs", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "wallachia", "label": "Wallachia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "first-bulgarian-empire", "label": "First Bulgarian Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "great-moravia", "label": "Great Moravia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hussites", "label": "Hussites", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "danes", "label": "Danes", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "carpathian-mountains", "label": "Carpathian Mountains", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 839, "year_label": "839 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Hungarians (also known as Magyars) who until this time have lived east of the Carpathians, raid the Lower Danube at the request of the Bulgarian Empire against the Byzantine insurgents.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073737#Europe", "title": "839", "revid": 1267073737, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 862, "year_label": "862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First raid of the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin at the request of Rastislav of Moravia against the East Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129421#Central_Europe", "title": "862", "revid": 1341129421, "section": "Events › By place › Central Europe"}}, {"year": 889, "year_label": "889 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Magyars, an Ugric tribe from the steppe of Central Asia, move west under the leadership of Árpád. They are pushed by their rivals, the Pechenegs, into the Balkan Peninsula, and become entangled in a war between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire. The Magyars head north and settle in Great Moravia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129924#Europe", "title": "889", "revid": 1341129924, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 893, "year_label": "893 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An East Frankish expeditionary force under Zwentibold, the eldest son of King Arnulf of Carinthia, crosses the Alps into Friuli. He makes junction at Verona, with the army of the deposed king Berengar I, and proceeds to lay siege to Pavia. After a three-month campaign, Zwentibold receives orders to head back to Bavaria, in case of a Magyar intervention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917563#Europe", "title": "893", "revid": 1364917563, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 895, "year_label": "895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Magyars are expelled from western Siberia, and settle in the Carpathian Basin, under the leadership of Árpád (the traditional date of 896 held during the 20th century has proved to be erroneous). Emperor Leo VI (the Wise) seeks aid from the Magyars, and after crossing the Danube on Byzantine ships, they ravage Bulgarian territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093921#Europe", "title": "895", "revid": 1346093921, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 896, "year_label": "896 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Southern Buh: Bulgarian forces under Simeon I ('the Great') defeat the Magyars, near the banks of the Southern Buh river (modern Ukraine). The Magyars withdraw from Bulgaria, and are forced to migrate to new pastures. Led by Árpád, they settle in the Carpathian Basin (modern Hungary).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346094345#Europe", "title": "896", "revid": 1346094345, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After the rejection of their alliance proposal by the Bavarians, the Hungarians attack this country, occupying Pannonia and parts of Ostmark, which become part of the Hungarian state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Europe", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 904, "year_label": "904 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kurszán, ruler (gyula) of the Magyars", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130856#Deaths", "title": "904", "revid": 1341130856, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 906, "year_label": "906 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Duke Mojmir II halts the advance of the plundering Hungarians under Grand Prince Árpád in Great Moravia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364979263#Europe", "title": "906", "revid": 1364979263, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 907, "year_label": "907 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4–6 – Battle of Pressburg: At \"Brezalauspurc\" (probably modern-day Bratislava in Slovakia), the advancing East Frankish army (60,000 men) is annihilated by the Hungarians led by Grand Prince Árpád. Duke Luitpold and Archbishop Dietmar I are killed, together with 19 dukes, 2 bishops and 3 abbots. The East Frankish Kingdom loses control of the March of Pannonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130849#Europe", "title": "907", "revid": 1341130849, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 910, "year_label": "910 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis IV (the Child), using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. Count Gausbert, the actual commander of the East Frankish army (because Louis IV is only 16 years old at this time), is killed in the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130820#Europe", "title": "910", "revid": 1341130820, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 915, "year_label": "915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Magyars (Hungarians), led by Zoltán, only son of the late Grand Prince Árpád, attack Swabia, Franconia and Saxony. Small units penetrate as far as Bremen, burning the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130780#Europe", "title": "915", "revid": 1341130780, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 955, "year_label": "955 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Battle of Lechfeld: King Otto I (\"the Great\") defeats the Hungarians (also known as Magyars) near Augsburg (Germany). Otto's army (7,000 men), mainly composed of heavy cavalry, overwhelms the Hungarians along the Lech River. The German losses are heavy, among them Conrad (\"the Red\") and many other nobles. The commanders of the Hungarian army, Bulcsú, Lehel and Súr, are captured and executed. This victory puts an end to the Hungarian campaigns into western Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512718#Europe", "title": "955", "revid": 1341512718, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1047, "year_label": "1047 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Constantine IX allows the Pecheneg tribes to cross the Danube and settle permanently in Byzantine territory. He buys their alliance with presents, using them to attack his enemies (Bulgars and Magyars) in the rear, and so to prevent any southward advance of the Kievan Rus'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550348#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1047", "revid": 1368550348, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1059, "year_label": "1059 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – The Magyars cross the Danube River, together with several Pecheneg tribes, but are halted by Byzantine forces (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271111243#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1059", "revid": 1271111243, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1330, "year_label": "1330 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9–12 – Battle of Posada: The Wallachians, under Basarab I, defeat the Hungarians, though heavily outnumbered, thus making a firm statement towards the independence of Wallachia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350440644#January–December", "title": "1330", "revid": 1350440644, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – Due to the support by Queen Joanna I of Naples for the antipope Clement VII, Pope Urban VI declares her cousin, Carlo di Durazzo to be the new ruler of the Kingdom of Naples. Afterward, with the help of the Hungarians, Charles advances on Naples and captures Joanna. James of Baux, the ruler of Taranto and the Latin Empire, claims the Principality of Achaea after Joanna's imprisonment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#April–June", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1395, "year_label": "1395 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – Battle of Rovine: With the help of the Hungarians, Wallachia resists an invasion by the Ottomans and their Serb and Bulgarian vassals. But Mircea I of Wallachia has to temporarily flee to Transylvania, and Vlad I Uzurpatorul is placed on the throne by the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019527#April–June", "title": "1395", "revid": 1366019527, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1430, "year_label": "1430 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Battle of Trnava: The Hussites defeat the Hungarian-Moravian-Serbian army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561329#July–September", "title": "1430", "revid": 1369561329, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – The Hungarians defeat the Hussite army at the Battle of Ilava.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361768961#October–December", "title": "1431", "revid": 1361768961, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Stephen Báthory, the Hungarian Prince of Transylvania, is crowned king of Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#April–June", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Battle of Biskupice: The Hungarians (Kurucs) win a costly victory over the Danes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#April–June", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – Battle of Zsibó: The Austrian-Danish forces defeat the Kurucs (Hungarians).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#October–December", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848 – Battle of Temesvár: The main Russo-Austrian forces, led by Julius Jacob von Haynau, win a decisive victory against the Hungarians, led by Józef Bem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362576929#July–September", "title": "1849", "revid": 1362576929, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The village of Skorenovac is founded in Serbia, mostly by Székely Hungarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679431#Date_unknown", "title": "1886", "revid": 1372679431, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}