{"slug": "ibm", "label": "IBM", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37156", "qid": "Q37156", "description": "American multinational technology company", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [1890, 2019], "span_label": ["1890 CE", "2019 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 6}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "apartheid", "label": "Apartheid", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to tabulate census returns using punched card input, a landmark in the history of computing hardware. Hollerith's company eventually becomes IBM. The 1890 United States census determines the US population to be 62,979,766, an increase of 25.5 percent relative to the 1880 census.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364071388#June", "title": "1890", "revid": 1364071388, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1924, "year_label": "1924 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), based in the U.S. state of New York, is renamed International Business Machines (IBM).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372136634#February", "title": "1924", "revid": 1372136634, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#August", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1950, "year_label": "1950 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "IBM Israel begins operating in Tel Aviv.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371638577#Date_unknown", "title": "1950", "revid": 1371638577, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "IBM (United Kingdom) is formed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#Unknown_dates", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › Unknown dates"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head office of IBM.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#January", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – The hard disk drive is invented by an IBM team, led by Reynold B. Johnson.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#September", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April", "text": "April – IBM sells the first compiler for the Fortran scientific programming language.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#April", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The first laser printer is introduced by IBM (the IBM 3800).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#Date_unknown", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – The United Freedom Front bombs an office of South African Airways in Elmont, NY and an IBM office in Harrison, NY. Two police officers suffer hearing damage. In March 1984, the UFF claims responsibility for the IBM building bombing, stating that the company was targeted because of its business in South Africa under Apartheid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#December", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – IBM's Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, the first time a computer beats a chess World champion in a match.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#May", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – SCO Group files a lawsuit against IBM as part of an ongoing dispute regarding the use of Unix in the development of Linux.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#March", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – Google announces that its 53-qubit \"Sycamore\" processor has achieved quantum supremacy. IBM disputes the claim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#October", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › October"}}]}