{"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189", "qid": "Q189", "description": "Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean", "entries": 55, "years": 48, "span": [790, 2019], "span_label": ["790 CE", "2019 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 12}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 12}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 10}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "greenland", "label": "Greenland", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "faroe-islands", "label": "Faroe Islands", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "orkney", "label": "Orkney", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "margaret-i-of-denmark", "label": "Margaret I of Denmark", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "shetland", "label": "Shetland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-norway-8721397", "label": "Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 790, "year_label": "790 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Irish monks (known as the Papar), possibly members of a Hiberno-Scottish mission, supposedly reach Iceland in hide-covered coracles, and begin settlements (approximate date). However, the evidence for this is scant.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848291#Religion", "title": "790", "revid": 1340848291, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 815, "year_label": "815 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson sets out from the Faroe Islands and discovers Iceland (documented later in the Landnámabók) (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348647036#Europe", "title": "815", "revid": 1348647036, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 872, "year_label": "872 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "18 July (traditional date) – Battle of Hafrsfjord: Norse chieftain Harald Fairhair wins a great naval victory at Hafrsfjord, outside Stavanger. He becomes (at age 18) the first king of Norway. Harald's conquests and taxation system lead many Viking chiefs and their followers to emigrate to the British Isles, and (later) to Iceland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267071842#Europe", "title": "872", "revid": 1267071842, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 874, "year_label": "874 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Ingólfr Arnarson arrives from Norway, as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland. He builds his homestead and founds Reykjavík. The settlement of Iceland begins (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347164206#Europe", "title": "874", "revid": 1347164206, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Greenland is discovered by the Norseman Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, sailing from Norway to Iceland: he is blown off course by a storm and comes in sight of some islands off the coast (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Exploration", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 930, "year_label": "930 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Althing, the parliament of Iceland, is established at þingvellir (\"Thing Fields\"). Chieftains from various tribes gather for 2 weeks at a thing (assembly) to settle disputes, arrange marriages, etc.; it continues in existence into the 21st century, as the world's oldest parliament of the Icelandic Commonwealth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919313#Europe", "title": "930", "revid": 1364919313, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 981, "year_label": "981 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Erik the Red leaves Norway, to survey west of Iceland in Viking longships, that carry nearly 700 people with cattle, horses, and other necessities for starting a colony on the island. Erik finds land and calls it Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366191661#Exploration", "title": "981", "revid": 1366191661, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 985, "year_label": "985 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Greenland is colonized by the Icelandic Viking Erik the Red (according to legend, but has been established as approximately correct – see History of Greenland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468346#Exploration", "title": "985", "revid": 1364468346, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 986, "year_label": "986 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Bjarni Herjólfsson, a Norse-Icelandic merchant captain and explorer, becomes the first inhabitant of the Old World to discover the mainland of the Americas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272436#Exploration", "title": "986", "revid": 1365272436, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Thorgeir Ljosvetningagodi ends being a lawspeaker in Iceland's Althing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In Iceland, the Althing decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Europe", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1133, "year_label": "1133 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first convent on Iceland, the Þingeyraklaustur, is inaugurated at a monastery of the Order of Saint Benedict (located in Þingeyrar).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156605#Religion", "title": "1133", "revid": 1362156605, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Gissur Þorvaldsson, Icelandic chieftain (or goði), is made Earl of Iceland for his loyal service to King Haakon IV of Norway (\"the Old\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Europe", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The consequences of the volcanic 1257 Samalas eruption in Indonesia include the following anecdotal accounts: very dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a harsh spring in Iceland; famine in England, Germany, France and Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria, and southeast Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Global", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By topic › Global"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Magnus VI (\"the Law-mender\") succeeds his father Haakon IV as King of Norway. The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to Magnus, bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Age of the Sturlungs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Europe", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1380, "year_label": "1380 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – At the age of 10, King Olaf II of Denmark is proclaimed as King Olaf IV of Norway, with his mother Margete) as regent. Iceland and the Faroe Islands, as parts of Norway, pass under the Danish crown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360515041#July–September", "title": "1380", "revid": 1360515041, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Queen Margaret I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden publishes the Treaty of Kalmar, proposing the personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#April–June", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1397, "year_label": "1397 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Erik of Pomerania is crowned in Kalmar (Sweden) as ruler of the Kalmar Union, a personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland) engineered by Queen Margaret I of Denmark, his great-aunt and adoptive mother, who retains de facto power in the realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363907908#April–June", "title": "1397", "revid": 1363907908, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Lutheranism is forcibly introduced into Iceland, despite the opposition of Bishop Jón Arason.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#Undated", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Iceland adopts the Lutheran faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Date_unknown", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 7", "text": "November 7 – Jón Arason, last Catholic bishop of Iceland (b. 1484)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#Deaths", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – Battle of Sauðafell in Iceland: Daði Guðmundsson of Snóksdalur defeats the forces of Catholic Bishop Jón Arason, resulting in Iceland becoming fully Protestant. Arason is captured; he is executed, along with his two sons, on November 7.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#October–December", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1627, "year_label": "1627 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Salé raid the fishing village of Grindavík in Iceland and take captives into slavery, the first of several raids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371072250#April–June", "title": "1627", "revid": 1371072250, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1647, "year_label": "1647 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The word Geysir is first used in Iceland, by Bishop Sveinsson.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358071698#Date_unknown", "title": "1647", "revid": 1358071698, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – The Mount Katla volcano erupts in Iceland and continues ejecting ash for the next 120 days, finally ceasing on February 13. An estimated 1.5 cubic kilometers (1.5 billion cubic meters or 53 billion cubic feet) of tephra is discharged by the volcano.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#October–December", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1771, "year_label": "1771 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The trade monopoly with Iceland is transferred to the Danish crown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363214109#Date_unknown", "title": "1771", "revid": 1363214109, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – The volcano Laki in Iceland begins an 8-month eruption, starting the chain of natural disasters known as the Móðuharðindin, killing tens of thousands throughout Europe, including up to 33% of Iceland's population, and causing widespread famine. It has been described as one of \"the greatest environmental catastrophes in European history\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#April–June", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway charters six settlements in Iceland to trade with it, thus ending the Danish–Icelandic Trade Monopoly, and founding Reykjavík.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370552329#July–September", "title": "1786", "revid": 1370552329, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – The Danish government re-establishes the Althing in Iceland as an advisory body, by royal decree.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#January–March", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1844, "year_label": "1844 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – The last definitely recorded pair of great auks are killed on the Icelandic island of Eldey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372570203#April–June", "title": "1844", "revid": 1372570203, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1844, "year_label": "1844 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – The Althing, the parliament of Iceland, is reopened after 45 years of closure.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372570203#January–March", "title": "1844", "revid": 1372570203, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Total solar eclipse visible in Canada, Greenland, Iceland and Northern Europe, the first solar eclipse to be photographed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#July–September", "title": "1851", "revid": 1358777790, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Icelandic trade is opened to merchants other than Danes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496011#Undated", "title": "1854", "revid": 1362496011, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Iceland is granted a constitution and limited home rule from Denmark.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371979117#December", "title": "1874", "revid": 1371979117, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, the first Association football club in Iceland, is established in Reykjavík.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#February", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – In Iceland, at this time a dependency of Denmark, women's suffrage is granted to those over 40.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#June", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – WWII: Destroyer , on convoy escort, is accidentally torpedoed by a German U-boat near Iceland, killing more than 100 United States Navy sailors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#October", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – WWII: Allied Convoy PQ 17 sails from Iceland, with 35 merchant ships and 3 passenger ships that have been refitted for rescuing the crews of torpedoed ships. There are also one tanker, 6 destroyers and 13 smaller ships for close escort. The convoy is destined for the Soviet port of Archangelsk.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#June", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – An Air Iceland Douglas C-47 on a domestic flight in Iceland crashes into a mountainside killing all 25 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#May", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – Iceland extends its fishing limits to 12 miles (22.2 km).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#June", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – The first Cod War begins between the United Kingdom and Iceland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#September", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – A volcanic eruption under the sea near Iceland creates a new island, Surtsey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370539540#November", "title": "1963", "revid": 1370539540, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – The long anticipated chess match between world champion Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union, and United States champion Bobby Fischer, begins in Iceland at Reykjavík.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#July", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – The Second Cod War begins between the United Kingdom and Iceland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#September", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Second Cod War: Joseph Godber, British Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, announces that Royal Navy frigates will protect British trawlers fishing in the disputed 80 km mi limit around Iceland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#May", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – The United Kingdom and Iceland end the Third Cod War, with the UK accepting Iceland's extension of its territorial waters to 200 nautical miles in exchange for defined fishing rights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#June", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark and Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#June", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – After 74 years, Iceland ends its prohibition on beer; celebrated since as bjórdagur or beer day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#March", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – An avalanche hits the village Flateyri in Iceland, killing 20 people, the second of two deadly avalanches to occur in Iceland during this calendar year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#October", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Keiko the orca, captured in 1979, is released back into the wild off the coast of Iceland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#September", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – A centennial earthquake (6.5 on the Richter scale) hits Iceland on its national day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#June", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – The Icelandic government and banking system collapse. Prime Minister Geir Haarde immediately resigns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#January", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – Iceland's national parliament, the Althingi, votes to pursue joining the EU.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#July", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Volcanic ash from one of several eruptions beneath Mount Eyjafjallajökull, an ice cap in Iceland, begins to disrupt air traffic across northern and western Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#April", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – 100 activists, officials, and other concerned citizens in Iceland hold a funeral for Okjökull glacier, which has completely melted after once covering 15.5 km2 sqmi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#August", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › August"}}]}