{"slug": "ifriqiya", "label": "Ifriqiya", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifriqiya", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622855", "qid": "Q622855", "description": "historical name for the eastern part of the Maghreb region", "entries": 44, "years": 43, "span": [703, 1550], "span_label": ["703 CE", "1550 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 20}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "tunisia", "label": "Tunisia", "shared": 19}, {"slug": "fatimid-caliphate", "label": "Fatimid Caliphate", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "zirid-dynasty", "label": "Zirid dynasty", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "algeria", "label": "Algeria", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "north-africa", "label": "North Africa", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "libya", "label": "Libya", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "emirate-of-sicily", "label": "Emirate of Sicily", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kairouan", "label": "Kairouan", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "khawarij", "label": "Khawarij", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "hafsid-dynasty", "label": "Hafsid dynasty", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "tunis", "label": "Tunis", "shared": 4}], "items": [{"year": 703, "year_label": "703 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Musa ibn Nusayr, governor of Ifriqiya (western Libya), builds a Muslim fleet to harass the Byzantine navy and conquer the islands of Ibiza, Mallorca, and Menorca (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807078#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "703", "revid": 1340807078, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 716, "year_label": "716 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Arab-Byzantine Wars: Umayyad Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd Al-Malik begins the preparations for his campaign on Constantinople; he orders new ships be built in the port-cities in Palestine, Egypt & Ifriqiya. General Umar ibn Hubayra raids southern Anatolia by sea and conquers Lycia, where another Arab fleet joins him, and they spend winter. As the navy advances, Sulayman sends land armies into Anatolia, which settle at Caesarea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808331#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "716", "revid": 1340808331, "section": "Events › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Sicily, Sardinia, Provence, and Greece are raided by a fleet of Arab Muslim ships sent by the governor of Ifriqya, the ones raiding South Western Europe are led by Habīb Ibn Abi ‘Ubayda Al-Fihrī, while the fleet raiding Greece is led by Mu’awiya ibn Hishām. All of them are successful, submitting the Islands and returning with much wealth from the spoils of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Europe", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 741, "year_label": "741 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Great Berber Revolt: Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik appoints Kulthum ibn Iyad al-Qasi as governor (wali) of Ifriqiya (North Africa). A fourth expedition is sent from Syria by the Umayyad Caliphate to crush the rebellion in the Atlas region, but is defeated at the Battle of Bagdoura, in the plain of the Ghrab (modern Morocco). The counter-attack of the Kharijite rebels to the East is successful, but fails to conquer Kairouan from the loyalists. A more radical branch of the Tunisian Kharijites, (the Sufrists) however, manages to take the city soon after.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322653390#Africa", "title": "741", "revid": 1322653390, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 744, "year_label": "744 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tunisian Coup: Following the death of the Umayyad caliph, Hisham, Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib assembles a small force in Tunis and declares himself emir of Ifriqiya. Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi, wali of Ifriqiya decides against fighting and returns to Damascus. Abd al-Rahman installs himself in Kairouan, and crushes multiple revolts around the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305046877#Africa", "title": "744", "revid": 1305046877, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 752, "year_label": "752 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib al-Fihri, ruler of Ifriqiya (North Africa), dispatches a Muslim army and reconquers Tripolitania from the Ibadites (a puritanical Khaijite sect), driving their remnants south into the Nafusa Mountains (northwestern Libya).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809787#Africa", "title": "752", "revid": 1340809787, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 767, "year_label": "767 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Kharijite Berbers of Tlemcen and Tiaret try to conquer Ifriqiya from the Abbasid Caliphate, but fail to capture the capital of Kairouan (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350246348#Africa", "title": "AD 767", "revid": 1350246348, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 800, "year_label": "800 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Abbasid Caliphate is forced to cede Ifriqiya (present-day north-eastern Algeria, Tunisia and western Libya) to the Aghlabid Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367075277#Africa", "title": "800", "revid": 1367075277, "section": "Events › Africa"}}, {"year": 817, "year_label": "817 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ziyadat Allah I becomes the third Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia). During his rule, the relationship between the Aghlabid Dynasty and the Arab troops remains strained.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204806#North_Africa", "title": "817", "revid": 1349204806, "section": "Events › By place › North Africa"}}, {"year": 830, "year_label": "830 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Arab War: Muslim reinforcements from Ifriqiya and Al-Andalus (modern Spain) defeat Byzantine forces under Theodotus in Sicily, but a plague once again compels them to retreat to Mazara del Vallo, and evacuate to North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359310799#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "830", "revid": 1359310799, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 846, "year_label": "846 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "A Saracen Arab expeditionary force from Africa, consisting of 11,000 men and 500 horses, raid the outskirts of Rome, sacking the basilicas of Old St. Peter's and St. Paul's Outside the Walls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1308185700#Arabian_Empire", "title": "846", "revid": 1308185700, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 875, "year_label": "875 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad II, emir of the Aghlabids, dies and is succeeded by his brother Ibrahim II. Towards the end of his reign, a caravan of pilgrims from Mecca introduces the plague in Ifriqiya (Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352180718#Arabian_Empire", "title": "875", "revid": 1352180718, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 892, "year_label": "892 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Ibrahim II, Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, sends a large army to Palermo, to impose Arab authority from Kairouan. After an uprising, the Sicilians make a bid for independence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093317#Arabian_Empire", "title": "892", "revid": 1346093317, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 901, "year_label": "901 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abu 'Abdullah al-Shi'i leads the rebellion of the Kutama Berbers (a movement of the Shiʿite Fatimids), against the Aghlabid emirate in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345013381#Arabian_Empire", "title": "901", "revid": 1345013381, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 902, "year_label": "902 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "February – March – Abu Abbas Abdallah, conqueror of Reggio Calabria, returns from Sicily and succeeds his father Ibrahim II as Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130244#Europe", "title": "902", "revid": 1341130244, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 909, "year_label": "909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Fatimid Dynasty founded by Shiite Muslims in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) gains suzerainty over the Aghlabid Dynasty in North Africa. Emir Ziyadat Allah III escapes to the Near East, unable to secure any help from the Abbasid Caliphate to regain his emirate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367656270#Africa", "title": "909", "revid": 1367656270, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 916, "year_label": "916 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sicilian Berbers in Agrigento revolt and depose the independent Emir Ahmed ibn Khorob. They offer Sicily to the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia). Caliph Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah welcomes this turn of events, but refuses to grant the Berber rulers their autonomy. He sends a Fatimid expeditionary force under Abu Said Musa which lands in Sicily and, with some difficulty, takes control of the island. Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah appoints Salam ibn Rashid as the emir of Sicily. Ahmed ibn Khorob is dispatched to Raqqada and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352766259#Europe", "title": "916", "revid": 1352766259, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 919, "year_label": "919 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – The Fatimid Caliphate of Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia) launch the second Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921) in an attempt to seize Egypt from its Abbasid rulers. The expedition fails and the Fatimids will be forced to retreat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509579#Africa", "title": "919", "revid": 1341509579, "section": "Events › By Place › Africa"}}, {"year": 921, "year_label": "921 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Fatimid Caliphate creates a new capital in Ifriqiya, al-Mahdiya on the Tunisian coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509617#Africa", "title": "921", "revid": 1341509617, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 947, "year_label": "947 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Abu Yazid, a Kharijite Berber leader who has led a rebellion against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya, is defeated in the Hodna Mountains (modern-day Algeria). Caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah sets about restoring the Fatimid dominion over North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671594#Arabian_Empire", "title": "947", "revid": 1367671594, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 955, "year_label": "955 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Kharijite Banu Ya'la tribe revolts against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya and destroys the city of Oran (modern Algeria). They construct a new capital, Ifgan, near Mascara.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512718#Africa", "title": "955", "revid": 1341512718, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 960, "year_label": "960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Siege of Chandax: A Byzantine fleet with an expeditionary force (comprising about 50,000 men) under Nikephoros Phokas lands on Crete. Nikephoros defeats the Muslim resistance and begins a siege at the capital of Chandax. He decides to blockade the city for the winter, while his engineers begin to construct siege engines. Emir Abd al-Aziz ibn Shu'ayb sends for aid by the Fatimids in Ifriqiya and the Caliphate of Córdoba (modern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272128#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "960", "revid": 1365272128, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 972, "year_label": "972 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Buluggin ibn Ziri is appointed viceroy in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) and becomes the first ruler (emir) of the Zirid Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272305#Africa", "title": "972", "revid": 1365272305, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin, Zirid ruler of Ifriqiyah", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#Deaths", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1008, "year_label": "1008 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya (d. 1062)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910052#Births", "title": "1008", "revid": 1341910052, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1022, "year_label": "1022 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The 14-year-old Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, with support of the Zirid nobles, takes over the government and (as a minor) ascends to the throne in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213197#Africa", "title": "1022", "revid": 1342213197, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis becomes the full ruler of Ifriqiya (modern day Tunisia) upon the death of his aunt, Umm Mallal, who had served as regent since 1016.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#October–December", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1024, "year_label": "1024 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine expedition to invade Sicily: Governor Ahmed al-Akhal appeals to the Zirids of Ifriqiya for help. They dispatch a fleet, but these are caught up in a storm and destroyed near Pantelleria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213215#Europe", "title": "1024", "revid": 1342213215, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emir Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis of the Zirid dynasty in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) attempts to retake Sicily but is unsuccessful.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Africa", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1062, "year_label": "1062 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Banu Khurasan, a vassal of the Hammdid Dynasty, begin to rule the north of Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361243522#Africa", "title": "1062", "revid": 1361243522, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1062, "year_label": "1062 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya (b. 1008)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361243522#Deaths", "title": "1062", "revid": 1361243522, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1116, "year_label": "1116 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya, Ali ibn Yahya, conquers the island of Jerba, then acting as an independent piratical republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168627#Africa", "title": "1116", "revid": 1362168627, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Conflict between the de facto independent Muslim republics of Gabès and Mahdia (modern Tunisia) in Ifriqiya. Madhia is supported by the Zirid Dynasty while Gabes receives the aid of Roger II, count of Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Africa", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1146, "year_label": "1146 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Roger II launches a full scale invasion into North Africa, seizing lands from Emir Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali in what is now parts of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya – thereby opening up more of the mercantile wealth of the Muslim world to Sicilian merchants. On June 18, George of Antioch conquers Tripoli and establishes more Sicilian authority.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184470#Africa", "title": "1146", "revid": 1369184470, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Caliph Muhammad al-Nasir establishes Almohad domination over the eastern parts of Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia). He appoints General Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as governor of Ifriqiya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Africa", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1229, "year_label": "1229 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abu Zakariya Yahya expands his influence by conquering the cities of Constantine and Béjaïa (modern Algeria). He becomes the founder and first ruler of the Hafsid Dynasty in Ifriqiya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488290#Africa", "title": "1229", "revid": 1367488290, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hafsid forces under Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya (half-brother of Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I) reconquer Tunis and reinstall the Hafsid dynasty as the dominating power in Ifriqiya. This ends the Bedouin rebellion started in 1283.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#Africa", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – The Barbary Crusade begins as the Kingdom of France and the Republic of Genoa attempt to stop the raids of the Barbary pirates by invading the North African region of Ifriqiya and laying siege to Mahdia in what is now Tunisia. Louis II, Duke of Bourbon and Giacomo Fregoso of Genoa bring 6,000 knights and soldiers on 60 ships against 40,000 Muslim defenders led by the Caliph Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II of the Hafsid Sultanate and the Sultan Abu Tashufin II of Tlemcen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#July–September", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1394, "year_label": "1394 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – At Tunis, Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz al-Mutawakkil becomes the new of Caliph of the Hafsid Sultanate of Ifriqiya in North Africa", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593498#April–June", "title": "1394", "revid": 1371593498, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1419, "year_label": "1419 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February", "text": "February – Abu 'Amr 'Uthman, Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (d. 1488)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358545199#Births", "title": "1419", "revid": 1358545199, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – With 132 ships, the navy of Spain's Crown of Aragon, dispatched by King Alfonso V, lands in North Africa at the island of Djerba off of the coast of Tunisia and begins a siege. The Caliph of Ifriqiya, Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II, attempts to defend the island. but the Aragonese take control of Djerba by September 9.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#July–September", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1488, "year_label": "1488 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September", "text": "September – Abu 'Amr 'Uthman, Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (b. 1419)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368209981#Deaths", "title": "1488", "revid": 1368209981, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1510, "year_label": "1510 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – The Sultan Abu Abdallah V of Tlemcen (now part of Algeria) agrees to pay a demand for tribute to the Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (now part of Spain), prompting Ferdinand to plot an invasion of the neighboring kingdom Ifriqiya and its capital, Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366972051#April–June", "title": "1510", "revid": 1366972051, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – Abu al-Abbas Ahmad III, the Sultan of Ifriqiya (now Tunisia), signs a six-year treaty with Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#Births", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Births"}}]}