{"slug": "indian-ocean", "label": "Indian Ocean", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239", "qid": "Q1239", "description": "ocean bounded by Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica", "entries": 17, "years": 15, "span": [-509, 2023], "span_label": ["510 BCE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 9}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "russia", "label": "Russia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "beijing", "label": "Beijing", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nanjing", "label": "Nanjing", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "zheng-he", "label": "Zheng He", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dutch-east-india-company", "label": "Dutch East India Company", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jakarta", "label": "Jakarta", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dutch-east-indies", "label": "Dutch East Indies", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "myanmar", "label": "Myanmar", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -509, "year_label": "510 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Scylax of Caryanda becomes the first mariner to have passed the Indian Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129120#Europe", "title": "510 BC", "revid": 1350129120, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": -292, "year_label": "293 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "When an invasion of nomads threatens the eastern possessions of his realm (i.e. between the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea and the Indian Ocean), Seleucus hands over the government of these lands west of the Euphrates to his son Antiochus. Antiochus is appointed co-regent and commander-in-chief of these territories.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129456#Persia", "title": "293 BC", "revid": 1350129456, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – The Ming Chinese expedition stops briefly at the Calicut Kingdom (now part of the Kerala state of India) and leaves on December 14 to sail westward across the Indian Ocean toward the island of Hormuz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#October–December", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1433, "year_label": "1433 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – Admiral Zheng He and the crew of the seventh Ming Chinese overseas expedition return to China, arriving at Beijing two and one half years after their departure on January 19, 1411 from Nanjing. With the completion of the maritime expedition, the fleet is dispersed, altering the balance of power in the Indian Ocean, and making it easier for Portugal and other Western naval powers to gain dominance over the seas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320602#July–September", "title": "1433", "revid": 1351320602, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – First Battle of Cannanore: João da Nova fleet engaged the fleet of the Zamorin in a battle outside of the Cannanore harbor, the first Portuguese naval battle in the Indian Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#October–December", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – Estêvão da Gama, Governor of Portuguese India, departs from Goa with a plan to sail into the Red Sea, and destroy the Ottoman Empire's access to the Indian Ocean by plundering Suez. The planned attack fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#October–December", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – A violent storm in the Indian Ocean strikes a fleet of seven ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as they are traveling back to the Dutch Republic from Batavia in the Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta, Indonesia). Three of the freighters— Wapen van Holland, Gekroonde Leeuw and Prins Willem — are lost with all hands. The ships Vogel Phoenix, Maarsseveen and Prinses Royal make their way back to the Netherlands. The other ship, the freighter Arnhem remains afloat and its roughly 80 survivors are able to evacuate in boats to search for land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#January–March", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – The Prince Edward Islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean are discovered by Barent Barentszoon Lam, of the Dutch ship Maerseveen, and named Dina (Prince Edward) and Maerseveen (Marion).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#January–March", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1730, "year_label": "1730 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – French explorer Alphonse de Pontevez, commanding the frigate Le Lys, claims an Indian Ocean atoll for France and names it after himself as the Alphonse Atoll. The next day, he claims and names the St. François Atoll.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560881#April–June", "title": "1730", "revid": 1369560881, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – French privateer Robert Surcouf leads the 150-man crew of his corvette to capture the 40-gun, 437-man British East Indiaman in the Indian Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370325498#October–December", "title": "1800", "revid": 1370325498, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – Four large French frigates under the command of Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, including the Venus, are sent to operate from Isle de France (Mauritius) against British trade in the Indian Ocean, triggering the Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#October–December", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – \"Princess Caraboo\" appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire in England, and convinces the local residents that she had come to their town from a far-off island kingdom of \"Javasu\" in the Indian Ocean. A Portuguese sailor named Manuel Enes soon arrives and says that he speaks her mysterious language, and translates her story of an escape from pirates. After publicity, Princess Caraboo is discovered to be a servant girl from the village of Witheridge in Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#April–June", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – World War I: Battle of Cocos – The German cruiser Emden, the last active warship of the Central Powers in the Indian Ocean, is sunk by the Australian cruiser Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#November", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2014, "year_label": "2014 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, a Boeing 777 airliner en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur, disappears over the Gulf of Thailand with 239 people on board. The aircraft is presumed to have crashed into the Indian Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373534475#March", "title": "2014", "revid": 1373534475, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The South African Navy hosts a 10-day joint military exercise in the Indian Ocean with Russia and China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#February", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – Cyclone Freddy forms in the Indian Ocean. It would become the longest lasting tropical cyclone in history and cause over 1,400 deaths and countless injuries and property damage across southeastern Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#February", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Cyclone Mocha forms in the Indian Ocean, killing over 400 people and injuring over 700 as it strikes Myanmar and Bangladesh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#May", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › May"}}]}