{"slug": "indonesia", "label": "Indonesia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252", "qid": "Q252", "description": "island country in Southeast Asia and Oceania", "entries": 85, "years": 67, "span": [78, 2025], "span_label": ["78 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 22}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 16}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 14}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 9}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sukarno", "label": "Sukarno", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "jakarta", "label": "Jakarta", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "java", "label": "Java", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "malaysia", "label": "Malaysia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "dutch-east-indies", "label": "Dutch East Indies", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sumatra", "label": "Sumatra", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "japan", "label": "Japan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sanskrit", "label": "Sanskrit", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "governor-general-of-the-dutch-east-indies", "label": "Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mataram-sultanate", "label": "Mataram Sultanate", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 78, "year_label": "78 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Indian Prince Aji Caka introduces the Sanskrit language and Pallawa script, used to inscribe Javanese words and phrases, to the Indonesian islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330207965#Asia", "title": "AD 78", "revid": 1330207965, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 670, "year_label": "670 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Tarumanagara (modern Indonesia) is divided into two kingdoms (Sunda Kingdom and Galuh Kingdom), with the Citarum River as the boundary (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367634463#Asia", "title": "670", "revid": 1367634463, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 671, "year_label": "671 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Yijing, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels by boat from Guangzhou, and visits the capital of the partly Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Palembang (Indonesia). He stays for 6 months to study Sanskrit grammar and the Malay language.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805234#Asia", "title": "671", "revid": 1340805234, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 780, "year_label": "780 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Borobudur, a Buddhist temple complex in Magelang (modern Indonesia), is begun (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753540#Religion", "title": "780", "revid": 1364753540, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 825, "year_label": "825 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Borobudur, a Mahayana Buddhist Temple, is completed in Central Java (modern Indonesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941320#Religion", "title": "825", "revid": 1340941320, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 929, "year_label": "929 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Mpu Sindok, ruler of the Mataram kingdom, moves his court from Central to East Java (modern Indonesia), probably after the eruption of Mount Merapi and/or invasion from Srivijaya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671440#Asia", "title": "929", "revid": 1367671440, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 961, "year_label": "961 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Mahendradatta, queen of Bali (Indonesia) (d. 1011)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512994#Births", "title": "961", "revid": 1341512994, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Airlangga, ruler (rajah) of Kahuripan (Indonesia) (d. 1049)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Births", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1257, "year_label": "1257 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Samalas eruption: Mount Samalas volcano erupts on Lombok Island, Indonesia. One of the largest volcanic eruptions in the past 10,000 years, it creates severe climatic changes across the globe, leading to severe famine and death, and to one of the biggest geopolitical changes across the globe over the next few centuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011805#Natural_Disaster", "title": "1257", "revid": 1350011805, "section": "Events › By topic › Natural Disaster"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The consequences of the volcanic 1257 Samalas eruption in Indonesia include the following anecdotal accounts: very dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a harsh spring in Iceland; famine in England, Germany, France and Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria, and southeast Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Global", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By topic › Global"}}, {"year": 1267, "year_label": "1267 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Malik ul Salih establishes Samudra Pasai, the first Muslim state in Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629010#Asia_and_North_Africa", "title": "1267", "revid": 1359629010, "section": "Events › By place › Asia and North Africa"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Candi Surawana Temple is built in the Majapahit Kingdom (now Indonesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#Date_unknown", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A civil war, lasting two years, breaks out in the Majapahit Empire in modern-day Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#Date_unknown", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – The seventh Ming Chinese overseas expedition fleet, led by Admiral Zheng He, arrives at the port of Surabaya on the island of Java (now in Indonesia). The Chinese do trading until leaving on July 13", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#January–March", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1445, "year_label": "1445 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – At West Java in what is now Indonesia, the Sultanate of Cirebon establishes its capital at Dukuh Alang-alang and Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang is designated as the Sultan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372937#April–June", "title": "1445", "revid": 1370372937, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – King Charles of Spain gives his approval for the Magellan expedition, initially for the purpose of finding a westward route from Spain to the \"Spice Islands\" (now the Maluku Islands in Indonesia), to avoid the more frequently-used eastward route around Africa. Veteran seaman Ferdinand Magellan and navigator Rui Faleiro, both of Portugal, had turned to Spain to fund the expedition after being refused by King Manuel of Portugal. The voyage proves to be further than expected and becomes the first to sail around the world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#January–March", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1523, "year_label": "1523 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – Construction of Fort Kastela by Portuguese invaders, on what is now the island of Ternate in Indonesia, is completed as Portugal claims the Spice Islands (now the Maluku Islands).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561167#January–March", "title": "1523", "revid": 1369561167, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Jakarta, modern-day capital of Indonesia, is founded as Jayakarta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#April–June", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1547, "year_label": "1547 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – The Battle of Perlis River is fought between the Portuguese Navy and the navy of the Aceh Sultanate (now a province of Indonesia) at the Perlis River in Malaysia. With nine light warships and 230 soldiers, the Portuguese sink or capture 45 of the 60 ships of Aceh vessel leave 4,000 of their 5,380 soldiers dead or missing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369359234#October–December", "title": "1547", "revid": 1369359234, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – At Banda Aceh, on the island of Sumatra in what is now Indonesia, Alauddin Mansur Syah becomes the new Sultan of Aceh upon the death of Sultan Zainul Abidin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#October–December", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1599, "year_label": "1599 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Second Dutch Expedition to East Indies: A Dutch fleet returns to Amsterdam from what is now Indonesia, carrying 600,000 pounds of pepper and 250,000 pounds of cloves and nutmeg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325746#July–September", "title": "1599", "revid": 1373325746, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – The Battle of Bantam is fought within what is now Indonesia off of the coast of the island of Java, as Walter Harmensz leads five Dutch Republic galleons in a successful attack against a Portuguese fleet led by André Furtado de Mendonça.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#October–December", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – The first permanent Dutch trading post in Indonesia is established in Banten by Vice Admiral Wybrand van Warwijck, who sets up a factory to store and package the trading commodity black pepper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#April–June", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1607, "year_label": "1607 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – A fleet of 13 Dutch warships under the command of Admiral Pieter Verhoeff departs the Netherlands on an expedition to the Indian Ocean to open trade with Asian nations and to fight hostile resistance. Verhoeff never returns, and he and many of his crew will be ambushed and killed on May 22 at the Banda Islands in Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358831090#October–December", "title": "1607", "revid": 1358831090, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1669, "year_label": "1669 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – The Sultanate of Bima, located on the now-Indonesian island of Sumbawa and ruled by Abu'l-Khair Sirajuddin, surrenders its authority to the Dutch East Indies Company, the VOC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366419040#October–December", "title": "1669", "revid": 1366419040, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Cornelis Speelman of the Netherlands becomes the new Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and concludes an alliance with the Sultan Amangkurat II of the Mataram Sultanate on the island of Java, then uses the Dutch Army to suppress the rebellion started by the Sultan's half-brother, Prince Puger. Puger surrenders on November 28 to the ranking Dutch officer, Jacob Couper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#October–December", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – First Javanese War of Succession: On the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia), Pakubuwono I becomes the new Sultan of Martaram, capturing Kartosuro and deposing Sultan Amangkurat III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#July–September", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – The Dutch East India Company trading ship Zuytdorp leaves the Netherlands on an ill-fated voyage to Indonesia bearing a load of freshly minted silver coins. The wreck site remains unknown until the mid-20th century, on a remote part of the Western Australian coast between Kalbarri and Shark Bay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#July–September", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1728, "year_label": "1728 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – The 82 survivors of the wreckage of the Dutch East India Company frigate Zeewijk arrive in the new ship that they had built, Sloepie, at their original destination of Batavia in the Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta in Indonesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363462071#April–June", "title": "1728", "revid": 1363462071, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – Dirck van Cloon becomes the new Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369314491#April–June", "title": "1732", "revid": 1369314491, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – An 8.7 magnitude earthquake strikes Sumatra in what is now Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983797#October–December", "title": "1833", "revid": 1369983797, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Nillmij, a predecessor of Aegon, Dutch-based worldwide insurance company, is founded in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#Date_unknown", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Indonesia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366127181#May", "title": "1883", "revid": 1366127181, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June", "text": "June – The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau begins to form in the Sunda Strait of Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#June", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – The Second Youth Congress is held in Batavia, Dutch East Indies by young Indonesian nationalists, resulting in the Youth Pledge. The Indonesian national anthem, \"Indonesia Raya\", is introduced at the congress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#October", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – Mount Merapi volcano in central Java, Indonesia, erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing 1,300 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#December", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The accident of two steam locomotives in the south of Elo river bridge Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. They came from Mertoyudan train station and Yogyakarta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#Date_unknown", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – Proclamation of Indonesian Independence: Indonesian nationalists Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declare the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, with Sukarno as president and Mohammad Hatta as vice-president, igniting the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#August", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – Members of the Indonesian People's Army attack Anglo-Dutch forces in Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#October", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27–November 20 – Indonesian National Revolution: Battle of Surabaya – Pro-independence Indonesian soldiers and militia fight British and British Indian troops in Surabaya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#October", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – Hamengkubuwono X, Sultan of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate in Indonesia, Governor of Yogyakarta Special Region", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#April", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Births › April"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – In Indonesia, Sukarno incites his supporters to fight Dutch colonial occupation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#June", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – The Netherlands ends Operation Product, the first of its major military Police Actions in Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#August", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#March", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – 17 October affair: Indonesian troops led by General Nasution surround the presidential palace, seeking the dismissal of the People's Representative Council; Sukarno avoids confrontation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#September–October", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – The constitutional union between Indonesia and the Netherlands is dissolved.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#May", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – In Indonesia, Sukarno announces the nationalization of 246 Dutch businesses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#December", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – All 326,000 Dutch nationals are expelled from Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#December", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – President Sukarno declares martial law in Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#March", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – Indonesian president Sukarno survives a grenade attack at the Cikini School in Jakarta, but several children are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#November", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – A bomber flown by a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency operative in support of Indonesian Permesta rebels bombs the harbor at Balikpapan, Borneo, Indonesia, hitting an Indonesian naval corvette and two British oil tankers. In June, the Indonesian and British governments both claim that Indonesian rebels are responsible for such attacks, concealing the C.I.A.'s involvement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#April", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – Indonesian president Sukarno announces that he will take West Irian by force, if necessary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#December", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – Indonesian president Sukarno collapses in public.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#July–August", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – The Indonesian army, led by General Suharto, crushes an alleged communist coup attempt (see Transition to the New Order and 30 September Movement).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#September–October", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – China declares that it will stop economic aid to Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#April", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – Transition to the New Order in Indonesia: President Sukarno gives all executive powers to General Suharto by signing the Supersemar order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#March", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The Indonesian and Malaysian governments declare that the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation is over (a treaty is signed on August 11).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#May", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – Suharto takes power from Sukarno in Indonesia (see Transition to the New Order and Supersemar).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#February", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – The Indonesian State Assembly takes all presidential powers from Sukarno and names Suharto as acting president (Suharto resigned in 1998).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#March", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – The Act of Free Choice for West Irian commences in Merauke, Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#July", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – Indonesian invasion of East Timor: Indonesia invades East Timor; the occupation continues until 1999 when U.N. peacekeepers take control, which they did until 2002.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369955775#December", "title": "1975", "revid": 1369955775, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – East Timor is declared the 27th province of Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#July", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – The Indonesian passenger ship Tampomas II catches fire and capsizes in the Java Sea, killing 580 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#January", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – Two commuter trains collide head-on on the outskirts of Jakarta, Indonesia; 102 are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#October", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – The 7.8 Flores earthquake affects the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) leaving at least 2,500 dead. A destructive tsunami with wave heights of 25 m follows.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#December", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – A pro-democracy demonstration supporting Megawati Sukarnoputri in Indonesia is broken up by riot police.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#August", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The 8.2 Biak earthquake strikes the Papua province of eastern Indonesia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A large tsunami followed, leaving 166 people dead or missing and 423 injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#February", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – A riot in Banjarmasin, Indonesia breaks out, causing at least 137 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#May", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – East Timor votes for independence from Indonesia (which had invaded and occupied it since 1975) in a referendum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#August", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Two bombs exploded separately at the JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton Hotels in Jakarta, Indonesia, killing 9 people (including 2 suicide bombers) and injuring 53.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#July", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – An earthquake and consequent tsunami off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, kills over 400 people and leaves hundreds missing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#October", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – Repeated eruptions of Mount Merapi volcano in Central Java, Indonesia, and accompanying pyroclastic flows of scalding gas, pumice, and volcanic ash descending the erupting volcano kill 353 people and force hundreds of thousands of residents to evacuate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#October", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – A new species of orangutan is identified in Indonesia, becoming the third known species of orangutan as well as the first great ape to be described for almost a century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#November", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – A large explosive eruption of Mount Sinabung in Indonesia sends a 7,000-meter ash column into the air, generating a pyroclastic flow 3–3.5 kilometers long towards the south and southeast of the mountain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#June", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Flash floods struck Jakarta, Indonesia, killing 66 people in the worst flooding in over a decade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#January", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 24", "text": "April 24 – Following an international search and rescue effort, the Indonesian navy reports the sinking of KRI Nanggala with 53 crew members, the largest loss of life aboard a submarine since 2003.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#April", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – More than 270 people are killed in Indonesia and East Timor after Cyclone Seroja strikes East Nusa Tenggara and the island of Timor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#April", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the largest free trade area in the world, comes into effect for Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#January", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – The 2022 G20 Bali summit in Bali, Indonesia takes place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#November", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – A 5.6 earthquake strikes near Cianjur in West Java, Indonesia, killing 635 people and injuring 7,700 more.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#November", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – A fatal human crush occurs during an association football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, killing 135 people and injuring more than 500.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#October", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka are inaugurated as the president and vice president of Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#October", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Indonesia becomes the tenth member to join BRICS.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#January", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – A report published by the United Nations shows that Indonesian capital Jakarta has surpassed Japanese capital Tokyo as the world's largest city, with a population of 42 million people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#November", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – Cyclone Senyar causes at least 1,390 deaths and leaves 186 missing in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#November", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › November"}}]}