{"slug": "indus-river", "label": "Indus River", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7348", "qid": "Q7348", "description": "river in Asia", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [440, 1957], "span_label": ["440 CE", "1957 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bhikkhu", "label": "Bhikkhu", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kashmir", "label": "Kashmir", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "xuanzang", "label": "Xuanzang", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ghaznavids", "label": "Ghaznavids", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kabul", "label": "Kabul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "baghdad", "label": "Baghdad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sindh", "label": "Sindh", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "harun-al-rashid", "label": "Harun al-Rashid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "punjab-region", "label": "Punjab region", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rashtrakuta-dynasty", "label": "Rashtrakuta dynasty", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Chaturanga, Indian war game and an ancestor of chess through the Persian game of Shatranj (or Chatrang), evolves in the Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Ancient_Games", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Events › By topic › Ancient Games"}}, {"year": 606, "year_label": "606 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Harsha of Thanesar establishes a northern Indian Empire, and unites the small monarchical states, from Punjab to the Indus Valley (modern Pakistan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802689#Asia", "title": "606", "revid": 1340802689, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 631, "year_label": "631 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, crosses the Indus River at Hund and travels to Kashmir (\"Heaven on Earth\") in northwestern India (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749921#Religion", "title": "631", "revid": 1364749921, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "After pirates plunder an Arab ship near the mouth of the Indus River (Pakistan), Umayyad Arabs under Muhammad ibn Qasim invade India with 10,000 men and 6,000 horses, establishing a sultanate in Sindh. Qasim sends expeditions to Surashtra, where he makes peaceful treaty settlements with the Rashtrakuta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Asia", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 786, "year_label": "786 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, upon the death of his brother Al-Hadi. He appoints Salim Yunisi as governor of Sindh and the Indus Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848276#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "786", "revid": 1340848276, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 986, "year_label": "986 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Sabuktigin, emir of the Ghaznavid Dynasty, invades India. He expands the emirate between the Kabul Valley and the Indus River after defeating King Jayapala.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272436#Arabian_Empire", "title": "986", "revid": 1365272436, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1221, "year_label": "1221 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – Battle of the Indus: Left with some 20,000 men, Jalal al-Din Mangburni has headed for the Indus River where Genghis catches up with him. In a desperate battle the Khwarezmain forces are destroyed, completing the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire, while Jalal al-Din flees across the river and escapes into India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363300593#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1221", "revid": 1363300593, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – President Iskander Mirza of Pakistan lays the foundation-stone of the Guddu Barrage across the Indus River, near Sukkur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#February", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › February"}}]}