{"slug": "isfahan", "label": "Isfahan", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42053", "qid": "Q42053", "description": "city in Isfahan Province, Iran", "entries": 15, "years": 13, "span": [-316, 1722], "span_label": ["317 BCE", "1722 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "safavid-dynasty", "label": "Safavid dynasty", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "persia", "label": "Persia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "armenians", "label": "Armenians", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sultanate-of-rum", "label": "Sultanate of Rum", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kilij-arslan-i", "label": "Kilij Arslan I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "islamic-calendar", "label": "Islamic calendar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "december", "label": "December", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "baghdad", "label": "Baghdad", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -316, "year_label": "317 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Paraitacene: The first battle of Western armies each with an elephant corps who fight for control over Alexander's empire. The armies of Antigonus and Eumenes fight each other near today's Isfahan in Persia with no clear victor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173231#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "317 BC", "revid": 1354173231, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": 749, "year_label": "749 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abbasid Revolution: Muslim forces under Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i defeat a large Umayyad army (50,000 men) at Isfahan, and invade Iraq, taking the city of Kufa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938976#Arabian_Empire", "title": "749", "revid": 1365938976, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1072, "year_label": "1072 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – Sultan Alp Arslan (\"Heroic Lion\") dies after a 9-year reign, during his campaign in Transoxiana. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old son Malik-Shah I, who is declared new ruler of the Seljuk Empire. Qavurt, a brother of Alp Arslan, claims the Seljuk throne for himself and occupies the capital of Isfahan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932811#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1072", "revid": 1332932811, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1086, "year_label": "1086 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, ruler of the Turks in Rum, is killed by Emir Tutush I in the battle of Ain Salm near Antioch. Suleiman's 7-year-old son Kilij Arslan I is captured and transferred as hostage to Isfahan (modern Iran).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277859585#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1086", "revid": 1277859585, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1414, "year_label": "1414 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – Iskandar Mirza, who had ruled the Timurid Empire since 1409, is captured as the city of Isfahan surrenders to Shah Rukh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#July–September", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – (5 Safar 849 AH) Sultan Muhammad of the Timurid Empire in Iran arrives in Isfahan and forces out a disloyal governor, Sa'adat, then declares an amnesty on taxes, stages a feast and celebration, and appoints Shah Ala' al-Din Naqib as the new governor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#April–June", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18): Shāh Abbas I of Persia's Safavid army captures the city of Yerevan from the Ottoman Empire after a siege. At this time the Shāh begins the expulsion of Armenians from Jolfa to New Julfa in his capital of Isfahan; more than 25,000 die during the exodus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#April–June", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1611, "year_label": "1611 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction begins on Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan, Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277342005#Date_unknown", "title": "1611", "revid": 1277342005, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, known as Allameh Majlesi, is born in the city of Isfahan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December", "text": "December – In the Middle East, traveller Pietro Della Valle marries Jowaya, daughter of a Nestorian Christian father and an Armenian mother, in Baghdad. The couple then sets off (1617) to find the Shah in Isfahan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 - Preparing the declaration of independence from the colony of the Hashimi Empire, namely the Arya Bayu Kingdom by Khan Nasaruddin II, who was crowned in Mecca,Medina, and Isfahan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#January–February", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1637, "year_label": "1637 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Adam Olearius, sent along with Philipp Crusius and Otto Bruggemann by the German Duke of Holstein-Gottorp to establish a trade deal with Persia, is welcomed by the Safavid ruler, the Shah Safi at the Persian capital, Isfahan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339166592#July–September", "title": "1637", "revid": 1339166592, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1691, "year_label": "1691 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Nimavar school in Isfahan, Iran is built and opens in this era of Suleiman I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356137934#Date_unknown", "title": "1691", "revid": 1356137934, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1694, "year_label": "1694 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – The coronation of Sultan Husayn of the Safavid dynasty as the Shah of Persia takes place in Isfahan, eight days after the death of his father Suleiman I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353084901#July–September", "title": "1694", "revid": 1353084901, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1722, "year_label": "1722 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The six-month-long Siege of Isfahan ends, when the Safavid capital Isfahan capitulates to the Afghan rebels. Safavid Sultan Husayn abdicates, and acknowledges Mahmud Hotak as the new Shah of Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128046#October–December", "title": "1722", "revid": 1365128046, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}