{"slug": "isthmus-of-panama", "label": "Isthmus of Panama", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182139", "qid": "Q182139", "description": "narrow landstrip in Panama", "entries": 7, "years": 7, "span": [1501, 1681], "span_label": ["1501 CE", "1681 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "christopher-columbus", "label": "Christopher Columbus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "honduras", "label": "Honduras", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-world", "label": "New World", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "costa-rica", "label": "Costa Rica", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "panama", "label": "Panama", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-morgan", "label": "Henry Morgan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mercalli-intensity-scale", "label": "Mercalli intensity scale", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pacific-ocean", "label": "Pacific Ocean", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hernan-cortes", "label": "Hernán Cortés", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Rodrigo de Bastidas, sailing westward from Venezuela in search of gold, becomes the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#Date_unknown", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Christopher Columbus leaves Cadiz in Spain for his fourth and final trip to the New World, taking with him 147 men on his flagship, Capitana and the companion ships Gallega, Vizcaína, and Santiago de Palos. He explores Central America, and discovers the Isthmus of Panama and the land now occupied by Honduras, and Costa Rica, and possibly the island of St. Lucia as well", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367622674#April–June", "title": "1502", "revid": 1367622674, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Vasco Núñez de Balboa first sees what will become known as the Pacific Ocean from the Isthimus of Darién. This moment is later referenced in a poem by John Keats called \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\" with the line \"silent upon a peak in Darién\" although he mistakenly references Hernán Cortés as the one who saw the Pacific from Darién.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#July–September", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1596, "year_label": "1596 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Drake's Assault on Panama: Sir Francis Drake, General Thomas Baskerville and an English force of 15 ships land at the Atlantic Ocean port of Nombre de Dios in an attempt to capture the Isthmus of Panama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369722581#January–March", "title": "1596", "revid": 1369722581, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1621, "year_label": "1621 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – The Panama earthquake affects the Isthmus of Panama, with an estimated magnitude of 6.9, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358440931#April–June", "title": "1621", "revid": 1358440931, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1671, "year_label": "1671 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Henry Morgan's Panama expedition – the city of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Panamá, founded more than 150 years earlier at the Isthmus of Panama by Spanish settlers and the first permanent European settlement on the Pacific Ocean, is destroyed by the Welsh pirate Henry Morgan. The last surviving original structures are now part of Panama City, capital of the Central American nation of Panama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365991065#January–March", "title": "1671", "revid": 1365991065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – A storm strikes the Isthmus of Panama and overwhelms the Spanish Navy's Flota de Tierra Firma, sinking the ship Nuestra Señora de Encarnación in the Chagres River. The Encarnación wreckage is not found until almost 340 years later, in 2011, mostly intact and still loaded with most of its cargo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#October–December", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}