{"slug": "italian-peninsula", "label": "Italian Peninsula", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Peninsula", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145694", "qid": "Q145694", "description": "peninsula of southern Europe", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [410, 1839], "span_label": ["410 CE", "1839 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sicily", "label": "Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dalmatia", "label": "Dalmatia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ravenna", "label": "Ravenna", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "exarchate-of-ravenna", "label": "Exarchate of Ravenna", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sardinia", "label": "Sardinia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "corsica", "label": "Corsica", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-benevento", "label": "Duchy of Benevento", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "theodosius-i", "label": "Theodosius I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "galla-placidia", "label": "Galla Placidia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 410, "year_label": "410 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Galla Placidia, daughter of Theodosius I, is captured by the Visigoths and becomes a hostage during their move from the Italian Peninsula to Gaul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367642022#Roman_Empire", "title": "410", "revid": 1367642022, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 476, "year_label": "476 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Julius Nepos, de jure ruler, becomes legally the last \"Western Roman Emperor\". He governs Dalmatia (Balkans), Morocco, and Northwest Gaul until his death in 480, but has no effective power on the Italian Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355222972#Roman_Empire", "title": "476", "revid": 1355222972, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 526, "year_label": "526 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Amalasuintha rules the Ostrogothic Kingdom that extends throughout the Italian Peninsula, Dalmatia, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754141#Europe", "title": "526", "revid": 1364754141, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 584, "year_label": "584 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Exarchate of Ravenna is founded, and organised into a group of duchies, mainly coastal cities on the Italian Peninsula. The civil and military head of these Byzantine territories is the exarch (governor) in Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754048#Europe", "title": "584", "revid": 1364754048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Rome continues as part of the Byzantine Empire. The Italian mainland is divided into independent cities and duchies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Europe", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 705, "year_label": "705 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – Pope John VI dies at Rome, after a reign of little more than 3 years. During his rule, he protected the Byzantine exarch Theophylactus, when he invaded the Italian mainland from Sicily. He also induced Gisulf I, Lombard duke of Benevento, to withdraw from Byzantine territory, ransomed captives and ordered the restoration of Wilfrid, as deposed bishop of York. He is succeeded by John VII as the 86th pope of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807090#Religion", "title": "705", "revid": 1340807090, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 868, "year_label": "868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muslim Arab forces under Muhammad II, emir of the Aghlabid Dynasty (modern Tunisia), conquer the island of Malta and raid into the mainland of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358169430#Africa", "title": "868", "revid": 1358169430, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1282, "year_label": "1282 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Peter III of Aragon is proclaimed \"King of Sicily\". Charles is forced to flee across the Strait of Messina, and be content with the Kingdom of Naples (ruling a part of the Italian Peninsula with the Pope).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359685493#Europe", "title": "1282", "revid": 1359685493, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1361, "year_label": "1361 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – The University of Pavia is founded, on the Italian Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918335#January–December", "title": "1361", "revid": 1364918335, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4– The University of Ferrara is founded on the Italian Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#January–March", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1422, "year_label": "1422 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "On the Italian Peninsula, Venice has a population of 84,000, of which 200 men rule the city, while Florence has a population of 40,000, of which 600 men rule the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325155630#Undated", "title": "1422", "revid": 1325155630, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1524, "year_label": "1524 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Battle of the Sesia: Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy defeat the French army in Italy, under William de Bonnivet. The French, now commanded by François de St. Pol, withdraw from the Italian Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819061#April–June", "title": "1524", "revid": 1368819061, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Kepler's Supernova (SN 1604) is first observed from the northern parts of the Italian Peninsula. Beginning on October 17, Johannes Kepler begins a year's observation of it from Prague. There won't be another supernova visible to the \"naked-eye\" until 1987. , this is the last supernova to be observed in the Milky Way.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#October–December", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – A railway between Naples and Portici (7.4 km mi) in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is inaugurated by King Ferdinand II of Bourbon as the first line in the Italian Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#October–December", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}