{"slug": "italo-normans", "label": "Italo-Normans", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Normans", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2884809", "qid": "Q2884809", "description": "Ethnic group of southern Italy", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [1071, 1182], "span_label": ["1071 CE", "1182 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Italo-Norman", "Siculo-Norman"], "related": [{"slug": "tunisia", "label": "Tunisia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "mahdia", "label": "Mahdia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "algeria", "label": "Algeria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "north-africa", "label": "North Africa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seljuk-dynasty", "label": "Seljuk dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexios-i-komnenos", "label": "Alexios I Komnenos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-ii-komnenos", "label": "John II Komnenos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1071, "year_label": "1071 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Siege of Bari: The capital of Bari, the last Byzantine-controlled city in the Catepanate of Italy, is captured by Italo-Norman forces under Duke Robert Guiscard after a 32-month siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932306#Europe", "title": "1071", "revid": 1332932306, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1118, "year_label": "1118 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos dies after a 37-year reign, in which he has regained control over western Anatolia (modern Turkey). He stabilizes his frontiers against the wars with the Normans in the western Balkans, and the Seljuk Turks in the East. Alexios is succeeded by his 30-year-old son, John II Komnenos (the Good), as ruler of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269195#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1118", "revid": 1365269195, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – Battle of Al-Dimas: An Italo-Norman campaign in North Africa ends with their troops being massacred by Zirid forces near Mahdia (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#July–September", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By date › July–September"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An Almoravid fleet of 37 ships attack the coasts of southern Italy, under Norman rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Europe", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Norman raid against the city of Tripoli fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Africa", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Norman raiders capture Jijel (modern Algeria). A Norman raid on Ceuta fails, but at the same time the Normans lead a successful assault against Sfax.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#Africa", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1144, "year_label": "1144 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Italo-Norman forces under King Roger II of Sicily invade the Papal States to force Pope Lucius II to accept his truce, but the patrician Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the late Antipope Anacletus II, leads the Roman populace to proclaim a constitutional republic free of papal authority with regard to civil rule. Pierleoni takes over the papal capital, and establishes the Commune of Rome in the style of the old Roman Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362160711#Europe", "title": "1144", "revid": 1362160711, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1145, "year_label": "1145 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Merinids of Maghrib al-Aqsa attempt to resist the Almohads but are forced into the desert areas around the Tafilalt. Oran falls to the Almohads. A Norman raid against the Tripolitania region succeeds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362160818#Africa", "title": "1145", "revid": 1362160818, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Siculo-Normans take control of Gabes (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Africa", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1154, "year_label": "1154 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Normans conduct a series of raids in North Africa, including Annaba (modern Algeria) and the Nile Delta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164172#Africa", "title": "1154", "revid": 1362164172, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1156, "year_label": "1156 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The independent city-state Sfax revolts against Norman occupation. Almohad forces conquer the city and massacre the Christian citizens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168074#Africa", "title": "1156", "revid": 1362168074, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1160, "year_label": "1160 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Almohads conquer Mahdia (modern Tunisia) from the Normans after an important naval success near the city, against Christian reinforcements coming from Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224699#Africa", "title": "1160", "revid": 1371224699, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A Sicilian attempt to dislodge the Moorish fleet from Mallorca fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Europe", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}